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중합효소연쇄반응을 이용한 항산성 염색 양성 검체에서 결핵균과 비정형 결핵균의 감별동정

Other Titles
 Detection, differentiation and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacteria by P 
Authors
 이성덕 
Issue Date
2006
Description
의생명과학전공/석사
Abstract
[한글]결핵의 진단에 사용되는 방법으로서의 염색법은 소요시간이 짧고 경제적이기는 하나 결핵균과 비정형 결핵균의 감별이 안가는 단점을 가지고 있다. 반면에 배양법은 결핵균과 비정형 결핵균의 감별 및 동정, 그리고 항생제 감수성 검사까지도 할 수 있다는 장점이 있으나 시간이 오래걸려 진단이 지연되는 단점이 있다. 본 실험에서는 신속하고 정확하며 결핵 및 비결핵균을 검출하고 동정 할 수 있는 PCR 결과와 염색결과를 비교하여 그 검출률의 민감도 및 특이도를 비교하고자 하였다. 실험에 사용되어진 검체는 국내소재 대학병원의 검사실을 통하여 얻어진 255개의 호흡기 검체를 대상으로 하였다. 우선 rpoB gene을 이용한 one-tube nested PCR로써 결핵균 및 비정형 결핵균에 모두 존재하는 360 bp와 결핵균에만 존재하는 190 bp의 부위를 증폭했으며 결핵균과 비정형 결핵균의 감별이 PCR로 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 이어 이 실험을 통하여 음성으로 판독되었던 34검체에 대하여 16S-23S rRNA spacer gene을 target으로 한 two-tube nested PCR을 시행한 결과의 one-tube nested PCR에 의한 약 87%의 결핵균 검출률을 93%까지 향상 시킬 수 있었다. One-tube nested PCR 결과 비정형 결핵균으로 판독된 검체를 대상으로 PCR-RFLP법을 이용한 mycobacteria 동정을 시행한 결과 임상적으로 의의가 있는 M. avium과 M. intracellulare가 동정되었다. 이들 mycobacteria 균을 보유했던 환자의 임상기록을 조사한 결과, 항산성 염색 결과 양성으로 판정되어 결핵약이 투여되었으나 환자의 상태가 호전되지 않아 균동정을 실시하였고 그 결과 비정형 결핵균으로 판독되어 그에 적절한 약으로 교체 된 것이 확인되었다. 따라서 항산성 염색 결과 양성인 검체를 대상으로 PCR 검사법을 이용한 결핵 및 비정형 결핵균의 감별동정을 시행하는 것이 정확한 진단에 유용함을 확인하였다.

[영문]The method of acid fast bacilli(AFB) staining which is commonly used to diagnose tuberculosis takes a short amount of time and is economical. However, it also accommodates the disadvantage of not being able to discriminate Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) from nontuberculous mycobacteria(NTM). In contrast, the method of culturing has the advantages. It can differentiate MTB from NTM, identify NTM species, and is sensitive. However, the culture method also has disadvantage since it takes long time(4-8 weeks). This study was set to evaluate the usefulness of direct PCR for rapid detection of MTB, differentiation of MTB from NTM, and identification of NTM species using AFB staining-positive specimens. The specimens used in this experiment were a total of 255 AFB staining-positive respiratory specimens that were obtained from a domestic university hospital. First of all, for the differentiation of MTB from NTM from AFB staining-positive specimens, the bands of 360 bp which exists both in MTB and in NTM, and 190 bp which exists only in MTB and not in NTM thus are able to differentiate MTB from NTM were amplified using the one-tube nested PCR targeting regions of the rpoB gene. As a result, detection rate of MTB and NTM was 87% after the one-tube nested PCR. Subsequently, the two-tube nested PCR targeting 16S-23S rRNA spacer gene was done with 34 specimens that were negative by one-tube nested PCR, and the results showed the detection range of MTB and NTM increased upto 93%. Then, specimens that were detected to be NTMs were subsequently subjected for PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) analysis based on the rpoB gene for mycobacterial species identification. In brief, the results of PCR-RFLP analysis identified those NTMs to be M. avium and M. intracellulare. By follow-up investigations of the medical history of those patients who were determined to had the mycobacterial species, it was revealed that after a length of chemotherapy with standard anti-TB drugs, there was no improvement in their states, so physicians underwent identification of mycobacteria. And finally it was determined that those patients indeed had NTMs and not MTB. Based on the identification data, physicians changed regimens for patients to be more effective to treat NTM. Therefore, this result seems to strongly suggests that the PCR testing especially aming for differentiation of MTB from NTM, and identificatin of mycobacterial species using AFB stgaining-positive specimens would be highly importnat in clinical settings for effective treatment of patients.
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1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Others (기타) > 2. Thesis
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/137008
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