The histomorphometric analysis of surface-treated implant with different size of TiO2 Nanotubes on osseointegration in mongrel dog

Abstract

Implant systems available today present several types of surface treatment with the aim to optimize osseointegration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate surface-treated implant with different size of TiO2 nanotubes on the osseointegration in mongrel dog. In this study, five dogs were selected and a total of 80 titanium implants were placed in both maxilla and mandible. Eight weeks after extraction, 16 internal type implants with different surface treatments were placed for each mongrel dog, having 4 implants at all quadrants. Resorbable blasted media(RBM) surfaced implants were used as a control group and implants which were surface-treated with various diameter of nanotubes (30 nm, 70 nm, 100 nm) were used as experimental groups. The dogs were sacrificed at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after implantation. Removal torque test (removal torque value; RTV) and histomorphometric analysis (Bone-to-Implant contact; BIC, bone volume; BV) were performed, and Kruskall-wallis test was used for statistical analysis. The results from removal torque test were as follows: (RTV; Group Mean SD; 4 weeks: RBM (control)16.92±5.12, 30 nm(Exp 30) 26.18±5.11, 70 nm(Exp 70): 21.78±5.39, 100 nm(Exp 100): 20.30±5.18, 12 weeks; 21.40±9.22, 36.58±5.99, 37.42±9.23, 29.40±2.57). The results from removal torque test did not show statistically significant difference. The results from histomorphometric analysis were as follows: (BIC Group Mean SD; 4 weeks: 31.42±4.67, 28.37±8.69, 27.96±4.78, 35.58±9.36, 12 weeks: 37.53±1.67, 38.44±8.59, 32.38±7.36, 41.51±9.53), (BV Group Mean SD; 4 weeks: 40.72±9.15, 39.87±2.98, 44.92±10.20, 46.64±4.54, 12 weeks: 51.75±3.28, 57.49±4.11, 58.86±5.58, 54.99±5.99). The results from histomorphometric analysis did not show statistically significant difference.Within the limitation of this study, all experimental groups showed a greater RTV than control group. From histomorphometric analysis, 100 nm experimental group displayed the highest BIC value of all other experimental group and control group and BV value was highest in 100 nm experimental group sacrificed at 4 weeks and 70 nm experimental group sacrificed at 12 weeks. There is also a tendency of increased RTV, BIC and BV values in 12 week group compared to corresponding 4 week group.