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만성 중이염 수술환자의 퇴원교육 요구 조사

Other Titles
 A Study on Discharge Education for Needs of Patients with Chronic Otitis Media 
Authors
 전경혜 
Issue Date
2007
Description
간호학교육 전공/석사
Abstract
[한글]본 연구에서는 만성 중이염이라는 질환자체가 만성 재발성 염증성 질환이므로 수술 후 관리, 일상생활에서 증상 발현시 관리법등 지속적인 관리를 환자 스스로 수행하여 최적의 건강을 유지할 수 있도록 만성 중이염 수술 환자의 퇴원교육 프로그램 개발에 활용할 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공하고자 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다.연구의 대상은 2007년 4월 23일부터 6월 9일까지 서울에 소재하고 있는 일 대학 병원의 이비인후과에서 만성중이염으로 진단을 받고 입원하여 만성 중이염 수술을 받고 퇴원을 앞두고 있는 환자 전수 58명을 대상으로 하였다.연구도구는 문헌고찰과 예비조사를 기반으로 본 연구자가 개발한 4점 척도의 도구로 일반적 특성에 관한 사항 10문항과 교육요구 측정은 6개의 영역으로 약물관리 4문항, 개인위생 3문항, 상처관리 2문항, 증상관리 10문항, 일상생활 6문항, 추후관리 3문항의 총28문항으로 구성되었다. 교육요구 측정도구의 신뢰도는 Cronbach's Alpha =.86이었다.자료 수집은 IRB 심의를 거쳐 연구자와 조사요원이 퇴원당일 대상자의 입원병실을 방문하여 질문지를 배부하고 응답하게 한 후 직접 수집하였다.자료 분석은 SPSS 11.5 프로그램을 이용하여 실수와 백분율, 평균, 표준편차, t- test, ANOVA로 분석하였다.본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같았다.1) 대상자는 여자가 남자보다 많았고 평균연령은 48.9세로 41세에서 60세 사이의 대상자가 63.8%이었으며 만성중이염으로 수술을 위해 재입원한 대상자가 39.4%를 차지하였다.2) 만성 중이염 수술환자의 퇴원 후 건강관리에 대한 전체 퇴원교육요구는 112점 만점에 평균 98점으로 교육요구도가 높았다. 영역별로 교육요구도 는 모든 영역에서 교육요구도가 높았는데, 평점평균 4점 만점에 상처관 리 3.76점으로 가장 높았으며, 그다음 증상관리 3.68점이었고 일상생활은 3.16점으로 다른 영역에 비해 상대적으로 교육요구도가 낮았다.3) 퇴원 후 건강관리에 대한 항목별 교육요구도가 80%이상 ‘매우 필요하다’ 고 응답한 상위 3위에 들어가는 문항은 귀에서 출혈발생시 대처방법, 수 술부위 염증반응, 이루 발생시 대처방법 순이었고, ‘매우 필요하다’고 응 답한 교육요구도 30%이하로 낮게 나타난 문항은 수술 후 운동 시기, 가 능한 여행의 종류, 섭취 가능한 식품종류, 수술 후 여행 시기 순이었다.4) 만성 중이염 수술환자의 일반적 특성에 따른 퇴원교육요구도의 차이는 직업이 없는 대상자가 직업이 있는 대상자보다 상처관리 (t=-2.75, p<0.05)와 증상관리(t=-2.57, p<0.05)영역에서 교육요구도가 높게 나타났 다. 의료비를 본인이 부담하는 대상자가 의료비를 본인이 부담하지 않는 대상자보다 일상생활영역에 대한 교육요구도가 높게 나타났다(t=2.13, p<0.05). 첫입원인 대상자들이 재입원 경험이 있는 대상자보다 약물관리 에 대한 교육요구도가 높았다(t=11.34,p<0.05).결론적으로 수술을 하고 퇴원을 앞둔 만성 중이염 환자들의 퇴원 후 지속적인 관리를 위한 교육요구도가 높았다. 특히 상처관리와 증상관리에 대한 교육요구가 높았으며 응급상황이 발생했을 때 대처방법과 필요한 처치, 머리감는 방법과 시기 등 일상생활에서 필요로 되는 구체적인 정보에 대해서 알기를 원하였다. 첫입원을 한 대상자들이 약물관리에 대한 교육요구도가 높게 나타나 효율적인 퇴원교육으로 대상자의 자가 관리 이행을 높이는 것이 요구된다.이 연구를 바탕으로 교육요구도의 우선순위를 고려하여 질병의 만성화로 인해 지속적인 관리가 요구되는 만성 중이염 수술환자의 퇴원 후 관리를 위한 구체적인 퇴원교육 프로그램이 개발되어야 할 것이다.

[영문]Since chronic otitis media is a recurrent and inflammatory disease, patients need to continuously manage their symptoms after surgery by themselves and in their ordinary life in order to maintain their health at an optimal level. The purpose of this descriptive study was to provide basic data for the development of effective discharge education programs for patients with chronic otitis media.The population for this study was all of the 58 patients who had been diagnosed with otitis media by the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of a university hospital in Seoul and had undergone surgery between April 23 and June 9, 2007 and whowere waiting to be discharged from hospital.The researcher reviewed the literature and conducted a preliminary survey to develop a questionnaire which consisted of 38 items on a 4-point scale. The items included 10 on patient characterisitcs and 28 on needs for discharge education. The items on patient characteristics included 8 demographic variables and 2 disease-related ones; the demographic variables were determined based on the results of the literature review.The items on discharge education were 28 items in 6 areas: 4 on medication, 3 on personal hygiene, 2 items onscar management, 10 on symptom management, 6 on ordinary life, and 3 on post-discharge management. The reliability of the scale for nursing needs for discharge education was Cronbach's Alpha =.86.After having been approved by IRB, the researcher and her assistant visited the ward on the date when each patient was to be discharged from the hospital and distributed a questionnaire to each of them and collected their responses directly.The collected data were processed using the SPSS 11.5 program for real numbers, percentages, means, standard deviations, t-test and ANOVA.The results of this study can be summarized as follows;1) In the population for this study, there were more women than men, and the age of 63.8% of the patients was between 41 and 60 (average age: 48.9), while for 39.4% this was a re-hospitalized for surgery for chronic otitis media.2) The average score by these patients on needs for discharge education was 98points of a total possible 112 points (total: 4 points x 28 items), which suggests that their needs for discharge education were very high. Their needs were high in all areas, but 'scar management' was scored the highest (3.76), followed by 'symptom management' (3.68); while their needs for education about 'ordinary life' were relatively low (3.16).3) The top three items for which more than 80% of the patients wanted education were 'measure against hemorrhage', 'measure against inflammation' and 'measure against otorrhea in that order, followed by 'types of symptoms to be managed', 'method and timing of hair washing' in that order. The items for which less than 30% of the patients wanted education were 'timing of exercise', 'types of allowable travel', 'types of allowable food' and 'timing of travel' in that order.4) There were differences between these patients in their need for discharge education according to demographic variables. 'scar management' (t=-2.75, p<0.05) and 'symptom management' (t=-2.57, p<0.05) were found to have significantly higher scores for unemployed patients than for those patients with jobs, and need for education about ordinary life. (t=2.13, p<0.05) was higher for patients who paid their own medical cost. Higher needs for education about medication were found for those patients for whom this was the first hospitalization (t=11.34, p<0.05) compared to those hospitalized a second time.In conclusion, patients with chronic otitis media who were waiting to be discharged from the hospital after surergy were found to have high needs for discharge education. In particular, their educational needs for 'scar management' and 'symptom management' were high, while they also wanted specific information on 'emergency measures', 'method and timing of hair washing' and other ordinary activities. Those patients who were re-hospitalized had also high needs for education on 'scar management' and 'personal hygiene', suggesting that effective education on self-management of the disease is essential for good care after discharge from hospital.Hence, discharge education programs for patients with chronic otitis media should be designed to focus on 'emergency measures' and management of other symptoms as well as 'method and timing of hair washing' and personal hygiene, so that they may effectively manage their disease by themselves and cope with any emergency calmly and correctly.Considering theeducational priorities suggested by this study for patients with chronic otitis media who need to continuously manage their disease, a specific discharge education program should be developed that will allow them to effectively take care of their chronic disease after discharge from hospital.
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Appears in Collections:
3. College of Nursing (간호대학) > Dept. of Nursing (간호학과) > 2. Thesis
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/136087
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