韓國人 營養實態에 關한 文獻의 槪觀

Abstract

[한글]

[영문]

Since the first food consumption study was conducted by Chai et al. in and around Seoul, three nutrition surveys, fifteen food consumption studies three of which include physical examination, and nineteen biochemical studies have been done till the end of November 1967.

The highlights and major points of those reports summarized are as follows:

A. Dietary Pattern:

1. From 97% to 98% of total food stuffs consumed are from non-animal sources.

2. Cereals occupy 45-65% of total food intake and that of rice is 28-62%.

3. Legumes possess only 3-6% of the food intake.

4. Vegetables contribute 33-34% of total food consumed.

5. Only a small bracket of people eat meat, fishes, poultry. Dairy milk or milk products are seldom used in typical Korean meals.

B. Nutrient Intakes:

1. Total calorie intake is deemed adequate to meet the requirement.

2. Protein intake was adequate in quantity, but the amount from animal sources occupies only 5-14% of total protein intake(4.0-9.4 gm).

3. Fat intake is considered unsatisfactory, averaging 14-18 gm(5-7% of total calories).

4. Intake of calcium contributes only half of the amount recommended. Iron intake is satisfactory.

5. Vitamin A intake is not satisfactory and its source is mostly green vegetables. Thiamine and niacine intakes are adequate, but intake of riboflavin is suboptimal. The food stuff contains sufficient amount of ascorbic acid, however, more liberal intake is desirable taking account of the cooking loss.

C. Clinical Findings:

In general, Koreans have low blood pressure(33-35% of people examined). Average height and weight are in normal range but slightly light in body weight(70% above 90% of standard weight).

There is none regarded as severe nutrition deficiency, but many people(32-55%) have riboflavin deficiency signs and some have vitamin A and ascorbic acid deficiencies.

D. Biochemical Findings:

Hemoglobin levels are low in 70% of people. The average of serum vitamin A and urinary riboflavin are in normal range, however, many people revealed low level.

Few studies have been on the specific group of the infants, preschool children, adolescents, aged and for the pregnant and nursing mothers.

E. Recommendations:

1. Among several methods of dietary survey, such as, weighing method, interviewing method, 24-hour recall method, and inventory method, the weighting method seems to be the most suitable in this country.

2. It must be emphasized that National Institute for Food and Nutrition should be established to insure over-all nutrition work, and it is needed to train untritionists and to give nutrition education to general people.

3. School mean should be developed to improve the food habits of children hoping the dissemination of better nutritional knowledge to their own homes, which ultimately will improve nutritional status as a whole.

4. In addition, it is necessary to increase food production and to develop food technology and methods of cooking to keep more nutrients after the preparation.