Angiographic demonstration of the posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries in normal and hydrocephalus cases
Authors
정헌화
Issue Date
1974
Description
의학과/석사
Abstract
[한글]
ANGIOGRAPHIC DEMONSTRATION OF THE POSTERIOR CEREBRAL AND POSTERIOR COMMUNICATING
ARTERIES IN NORMAL AND HYDROCEPHALUS CASES
Hun Hwa Jung, M.D.
Department of Medical Science, The graduate School, Yonsei University
(Directed by Prof. Hun Jae Lee, M.D.)
Carotid angoigraphy is a most important diagnosti procedure for investigation of
intracranial lesions and for understanding the cerebral circulation. Of the
cerebral arteries, only the posterior cerebral artery is, both functionally and
anatomically, a border artery between the carotid and vertebral circulatory
systems, go it is more important for an understanding of the cerebral circulation.
Early in the development of the foetal circulation, the posterior cerebral artery
arises from the internal carotid artery(carotid segment), with the connection to
the basilar artery(basilar segment) developing later. In many cases, however, it
derives its supply from both systems simultaneously.
Angiographic demonstration of the posterior cerebralartery is influenced by
certain pressure factors of the intracranial cavity and other technical factors,
for example, site of puncture, needle size, injection time and force used and
position of the head, etc. Here the author has analysed the factors of age, sex,
puncture site and right or left side and a degree of hydrocephalus.
Carotid angiography has been performed for definite indication, hence, no
cerebral angiography has been performed on any entirely asympotomatic subject. The
normal controls used in this investigation consist of angiographies done in
subjects with symptoms but no evidence of vascular lesions or other abnormality.
The author found a high incidence of the posterior cerebral arteries demonstrated
in hydrocephalus, in spite of increased intracranial pressure and changed courses
of the cerebral arteries. So, the cerebral arteriograms of normal cases are
compared with those of hydrocephalic subjects and the chances of demonstrating the
posterior cerebral artery in both groups are analysed.
Engeset A.(1948), Saltzman(1959), Yasargil & Krayenbuhl(1964) and others reported
the demonstration of the posterior cerebral artery bur report of a relationship of
the artery with hydrocephalus was not found.
This study comprises 2,350 conventional carotid angiographies carried out from
1967 to 1973 in the neurosurgery department of Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Out of these 2,350 angiographies, 1,288 were normal and 160 were indicative of
hydrocephalus. The incidence of angiographic demonstration of the posterior
cerebral artery in normal Koreans is 34.2% and in hydrocephalus, 45.6%. This is a
higher incidence than is reported in the literature concerning conventional carotid
angiography. The number of cases where the posterior communicating artery alone was
filled was so small that there was no point in separating them according to age and
sex, etc. Generally the hydrocephalic group showed a higher incidence of the
posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries than the normal group.
In all cases, the effect of sex difference is not significant but the effect of
age is. The posterior cerebral artery was more visible in the younger groups and
occurred most frequently in the youngest group, while the incidence dropped
slightly in the higher age groups, in both normal and hydrocephalus groups. Filling
of the posterior cerebral arteries in subjects aged 10-30 is markedly more frequent
than in the 40-60 age range in both the normal and hydrocephalus groups.
The posterior cerebral artery was demonstrated in 148 out of 384(38.6%) internal
carotid arteriograms and in 292 out of 904(32.3%) common carotid arteriograms. This
difference is highly significant and is similar to the results of Saltzman(1959).
No significance of the right or left side difference could be found. The increasing
tendency more severe forms of hydrocephalus compared with the milder types was
noted. In this report, the statistical significance was evaluated by means of the
Z-test.
[영문]
Carotid angoigraphy is a most important diagnosti procedure for investigation of intracranial lesions and for understanding the cerebral circulation. Of the cerebral arteries, only the posterior cerebral artery is, both functionally and
anatomically, a border artery between the carotid and vertebral circulatory systems, go it is more important for an understanding of the cerebral circulation.
Early in the development of the foetal circulation, the posterior cerebral artery arises from the internal carotid artery(carotid segment), with the connection to the basilar artery(basilar segment) developing later. In many cases, however, it
derives its supply from both systems simultaneously.
Angiographic demonstration of the posterior cerebralartery is influenced by certain pressure factors of the intracranial cavity and other technical factors, for example, site of puncture, needle size, injection time and force used and
position of the head, etc. Here the author has analysed the factors of age, sex, puncture site and right or left side and a degree of hydrocephalus.
Carotid angiography has been performed for definite indication, hence, no cerebral angiography has been performed on any entirely asympotomatic subject. The normal controls used in this investigation consist of angiographies done in
subjects with symptoms but no evidence of vascular lesions or other abnormality.
The author found a high incidence of the posterior cerebral arteries demonstrated in hydrocephalus, in spite of increased intracranial pressure and changed courses of the cerebral arteries. So, the cerebral arteriograms of normal cases are
compared with those of hydrocephalic subjects and the chances of demonstrating the posterior cerebral artery in both groups are analysed.
Engeset A.(1948), Saltzman(1959), Yasargil & Krayenbuhl(1964) and others reported the demonstration of the posterior cerebral artery bur report of a relationship of the artery with hydrocephalus was not found.
This study comprises 2,350 conventional carotid angiographies carried out from 1967 to 1973 in the neurosurgery department of Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
Out of these 2,350 angiographies, 1,288 were normal and 160 were indicative of hydrocephalus. The incidence of angiographic demonstration of the posterior cerebral artery in normal Koreans is 34.2% and in hydrocephalus, 45.6%. This is a
higher incidence than is reported in the literature concerning conventional carotid angiography. The number of cases where the posterior communicating artery alone was filled was so small that there was no point in separating them according to age and
sex, etc. Generally the hydrocephalic group showed a higher incidence of the posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries than the normal group.
In all cases, the effect of sex difference is not significant but the effect of age is. The posterior cerebral artery was more visible in the younger groups and occurred most frequently in the youngest group, while the incidence dropped slightly in the higher age groups, in both normal and hydrocephalus groups. Filling of the posterior cerebral arteries in subjects aged 10-30 is markedly more frequent than in the 40-60 age range in both the normal and hydrocephalus groups.
The posterior cerebral artery was demonstrated in 148 out of 384(38.6%) internal carotid arteriograms and in 292 out of 904(32.3%) common carotid arteriograms. This
difference is highly significant and is similar to the results of Saltzman(1959).
No significance of the right or left side difference could be found. The increasing tendency more severe forms of hydrocephalus compared with the milder types was noted. In this report, the statistical significance was evaluated by means of the