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Ultrasound measurement of subglottic diameter and an empirical formula for proper endotracheal tube fitting in children

Authors
 E. J. KIM  ;  S. Y. KIM  ;  W. O. KIM  ;  H. KIM  ;  H. K. KIL 
Citation
 ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA, Vol.57(9) : 1124-1130, 2013 
Journal Title
ACTA ANAESTHESIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA
ISSN
 0001-5172 
Issue Date
2013
MeSH
Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Glottis/anatomy & histology ; Glottis/diagnostic imaging* ; Glottis/growth & development ; Humans ; Infant ; Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal/methods* ; Male ; Neck/diagnostic imaging ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Trachea/diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods*
Keywords
Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Glottis/anatomy & histology ; Glottis/diagnostic imaging* ; Glottis/growth & development ; Humans ; Infant ; Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal/methods* ; Male ; Neck/diagnostic imaging ; Reference Standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Trachea/diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods*
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The appropriate endotracheal tube (ETT) size is commonly determined using age-based formula; ETT size determination based on ultrasound (US) measurement of subglottic diameter (SD), the narrowest portion of the paediatric upper airway, may provide a better method for accurate fit. We aimed to validate ETT size determination using US measures of SD before intubation to establish an empirical formula for ETT fitting based on SD and biographic parameters.

METHODS: We included 215 children aged 1-72 months undergoing general anaesthesia. US was performed on the anterior neck to measure SD during mask ventilation under anaesthesia. Endotracheal intubation was performed with a cuffed ETT selected by age-based recommendation; the transverse outer diameter (OD) of the ETT within the trachea at the subglottis level (OD-ETT at SD) was measured.

RESULTS: The OD-ETT at SD was correlated with the actual OD-ETT outside the trachea (R(2) = 0.635), showing the validity of ultrasonographic measurement; moreover, the US-measured SD revealed strong correlation with the actual OD-ETT (R(2) = 0.834). US-measured SD and biographic data (age, height and weight) showed little correlation in children less than 12 months but good correlation (age, height) in children older than 12 months (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: US-measured OD-ETT at SD was in good agreement with the actual OD-ETT, suggesting that US-measured SD helps in choosing the appropriate ETT diameter for children. In children older than 12 months, the equation 'OD (mm) = 0.01 × age (months) + 0.02 × height (cm) + 3.3' may help select the appropriate ETT.
Full Text
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/aas.12167/abstract
DOI
10.1111/aas.12167
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (마취통증의학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Kil, Hae Keum(길혜금)
Kim, So Yeon(김소연) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-157X
Kim, Won Oak(김원옥)
Kim, Eun Jung(김은정) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-1336
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/87694
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