Data-centric Approach of Macroscopic Physical System with NISQ Quantum Computers

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate how quantum computers can be effectively utilized as physical computational units, specifically within the limitations of Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. A central question we address is: How can we effectively emulate macroscopic quantum dynamics within the constraints of NISQ devices to fully realize the computational advantages of quantum computing? To tackle this, we explore the design of a macroscopic physical model, using a particle beam model as a case study. By employing a data-centric approach to energy encoding, we aim to optimize quantum states and extract the Hamiltonian, facilitating the accurate simulation of complex physical systems. Our work demonstrates the potential of NISQ devices in advancing macroscopic physical simulations, despite their inherent noise and limited qubit numbers, offering a promising path toward achieving quantum advantage. ©2025 IEEE.