Sex/Gender Differences in Respiratory Diseases

Abstract

Sex/gender-specific differences in the respiratory system begin with intrauterine lung development and continue throughout childhood and adulthood. Sex/gender affects the incidence, treatment, and prognosis of various respiratory diseases, but there are not many studies focusing on sex differences in respiratory physiology and pulmonary disease. In this chapter, we discuss sex/gender differences in respiratory diseases, with a focus on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, non- tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.