Global burden of adverse effects of medical treatment from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Jeong, Yi Deun; Park, Seoyoung; Jang, Wonwoo; Kim, Min Seo; Bhoomadevi, A.; Aalipour, Mohammad Amin; Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani; Abdoun, Meriem; Abdullahi, Auwal; Abdul-Rahman, Toufik; Abedi, Armita; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abouzid, Mohamed; Abtahi, Dariush; Abubakar, Bilyaminu; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abuhelwa, Ahmad Y.; Aburuz, Salahdein; Abushanab, Dina; Adams, Lisa C.; Adedokun, Kamoru Ademola; Adegoke, Nurudeen A.; Adeleke, Olumide Thomas; Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi; Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther; Adnan, Mohd; Adoma, Prince Owusu; Adzrago, David; Afolabi, Habeeb Abiodun; Afrasanie, Vlad-Adrian; Afrashteh, Fatemeh; Afzal, Saira; Agyemang-Duah, Williams; Ahadi, Mahsa; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Muayyad M.; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmadi, Negar Sadat; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmed, Sindew Mahmud; Ahmed, Syed Anees; Al-Ajlouni, Yazan; Alam, Mostafa; Al-Ashwal, Fahmi Y.; Aldhaleei, Wafa A.; Aleidi, Shereen M.; Alfalki, Ali M.; Algammal, Abdelazeem M.; Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji; Alhuwail, Dari; Ali, Abid; Ali, Bassam R.; Ali, Liaqat; Ali, Mohammad Daud; Ali, Mohammed Usman; Ali, Rafat; Ali, Syed Shujait; Alipour, Morteza; Al-Jabi, Samah W.; Aljofan, Mohamad; Alkhawam, Mustafa; Allouh, Mohammed Z.; Al-Marwani, Sabah; Almazan, Joseph Uy; Alqudimat, Mohammad R.; Al-Qudimat, Ahmad Rajeh; Alrimawi, Intima; Alsabri, Mohammed A.; Alshahrani, Najim Z.; Altaf, Awais; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed; Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim; Amin, Amr; Amindarolzarbi, Alireza; Amzat, Jimoh; Anagnostakis, Filippos; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Anjorin, Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi; Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola; Anvari, Saeid; Anwar, Saleha; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Arabloo, Jalal; Arafat, Mosab; de la Torre, Jorge Arias; Arjmand, Ghazal; Arockiaraj, Jesu; Artamonov, Anton A.; Arumugam, Ashokan; Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin; Ashrafi, Mitra; Assefa, Dereje Zewdu; Atreya, Alok; Atta, Julie Alaere; Ayanore, Martin Amogre; Ayatollahi, Haleh; Azadnia, Arian; Azargoonjahromi, Ali; Azeez, Fahad Khan; Aziz, Sadat Abdulla; Azzam, Ahmed Y.; Baghsheikhi, Hediyeh; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Banach, Maciej; Bansal, Hansi; Bante, Simachew Animen; Bardhan, Mainak; Barrow, Amadou; Basharat, Zarrin; Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi; Batiha, Abdul-Monim; Batra, Kavita; Bayat, Mahdis; Bayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew; Beeraka, Narasimha M.; Bilgin, Gokce Belge; Berihun, Abiye Assefa; Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C.; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhala, Neeraj; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini; Bhatti, Rajbir; Bievel-Radulescu, Raluca; Bilgin, Cem; Bizzozero-Peroni, Bruno; Bolourinejad, Paria; Boppana, Sri Harsha; Carvajal, Alejandro Botero; Bulamu, Norma B.; Busch, Felix; Bustanji, Yasser; Cairns, Rose; Barsbay, Mehtap Cakmak; Camera, Luis Alberto; Cao, Si; Capodici, Angelo; Carugno, Andrea; Carvalho, Andre F.; Carvalho, Marcia; Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio; Cenderadewi, Muthia; Chacon-Uscamaita, Pamela Roxana; Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chau, Lam Duc; Chaudhuri, Sirshendu; Chen, An-Tian; Chen, Haowei; Chen, Qingsong; Chen, Xing; Ching, Patrick R.; Cho, Daniel Youngwhan; Chong, Bryan; Chopra, Hitesh; Chopra, Shivani; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Sunghyun; Columbus, Alyssa; Conde, Joao; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Dalakoti, Mayank; Damiani, Giovanni; D&apos;Amico, Emanuele; Damtie, Endalamaw Tesfa; Dang, Anh Kim; Darcho, Samuel Demissie; Dardas, Latefa Ali; Dargan, Paul I.; Dervisevic, Emina; Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan; Devarakonda, Pradeep Kumar; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dhingra, Sameer; Di, Jingkai; da Silva, Diana Dias; Djalalinia, Shirin; Huyen Phuc Do; Dohare, Sushil; Dolatkhah, Neda; D&apos;Oria, Mario; Dorostkar, Fariba; Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai; Dowou, Robert Kokou; Dsouza, Viola Savy; Dumbullo, Aster Dure; Duraisamy, Senbagam; Dutta, Sulagna; E&apos;mar, Abdel Rahman; Ebraheim, Lamiaa Labieb Mahmoud; Sedeh, Ashkan Eighaei; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elnaem, Mohamed Hassan; Eltaha, Chadi; Eltahawy, Abdelgawad Salah; Zeydi, Amir Emami; Ezenwankwo, Elochukwu; Fadavian, Heidar; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fahim, Ayesha; Fareed, Mohammad; Farina, Sara; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Feizkhah, Alireza; Fekadu, Ginenus; Femoe, Ulrich Membe; Fernandez-Jimenez, Rodrigo; Ferrara, Pietro; Ferreira, Nuno; Fischer, Florian; Fogacci, Federica; Foroutan, Behzad; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gadeka, Dominic Dormenyo; Gajdacs, Mario; Gao, Dingwei; Gao, Xiang; Garcia-Azorin, David; Gautam, Rupesh K.; Gebregergis, Miglas Welay; Ghadimi, Delaram J.; Ghaffari, Kazem; Ghamkhar, Arin; Ghassemi, Fariba; Gholami, Zainab; Gil, Artyom Urievich; Girmay, Alem Abera; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Golkar, Mohsen; Golmohammadi, Melika; Gomes, Nelson G. M.; Grada, Ayman; Guan, Shi-Yang; Guarducci, Giovanni; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gutierrez-Murillo, Roberth Steven; Guttoo, Parishma; Hadi, Najah R.; Halder, Pritam; Hameed, Sajid; Hamidi, Samer; Hansford, Harrison J.; Hasan, Mohammad Jahid; Hasan, Syed Shahzad; Hasnain, Md Saquib; Hassan, Amr; Hassan, Muhammad; Hassan, Nageeb; Tabatabaei, Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh; Havmoeller, Rasmus J.; Hayat, Khezar; Hedna, Khedidja; Heidari, Mohammad; Heydari, Mojtaba; Hiraike, Yuta; Hossain, Alamgir; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hoven, Hanno; Hu, Guoqing; Huang, Junjie; Huang, Xiaojie; Hushmandi, Kiavash; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Irham, Lalu Muhammad; Isa, Abubakar Musa; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Jahrami, Haitham; Jain, Anmol; Jain, Nityanand; Jaiswal, Vikash; Jakhmola-Mani, Ruchi; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jamal, Armaan; James, Jerin; Mamaghani, Amirreza Javadi; Jayasinghe, Ruwan Duminda; Jebasingh, Felix K.; Jeong, Gwang Hun; Jeong, Seogsong; Jeswani, Bijay Mukesh Mukesh; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Kakkar, Ashish Kumar; Kamath, Ashwin; Kamorudeen, Ramat T.; Kanaan, Saddam Fuad; Kankam, Samuel Berchi; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Kantar, Rami S.; Kar, Sujita Kumar; Karkhah, Samad; Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali; Karpinski, Tomasz M. M.; Kauppila, Joonas H.; Keshwani, Ariz; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khaksar, Mohammad Ali; Khalid-Ariturk, Sumaira; Khan, Ajmal; Khan, Muhammad Mueed; Khan, Ramsha Mushtaq; Khan, Yusuf Saleem; Khan, Zahid; Khasbage, Sameer Uttamaro; Khatatbeh, Haitham; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kisa, Adnan; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Kompani, Farzad; Korzh, Oleksii; Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane; Kretchy, Irene Akwo; Krishna, Varun; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kusuma, Dian; Kyto, Ville; Laflamme, Lucie; Lasrado, Savita; Le, Duc Huy; Le, Thao Thi Thu; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Seung Won; Lee, Wei-Chen; Leivaditis, Vasileios; Li, Jing; Ligade, Virendra S.; Lin, Liangquan; Liu, Xiaofeng; Liu, Xuefeng; Llanaj, Erand; Lopukhov, Platon D.; Lubinda, Jailos; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Luo, Peng; Lytvyak, Ellina; Ma, Kevin Sheng-Kai; Madinezad, Seyed Ataollah; Madureira-Carvalho, Aurea Marilia; Mahalingam, Sasikumar; Mahalleh, Mehrdad; Mahamed, Samatar Abshir; Mahmood, Nozad Hussein; Mahmoudi, Farhad; Maled, Venkatesh; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Mannethodi, Kamaruddeen; Manzoor, Shaista; Marzo, Roy Rillera; Marzouk, Sammer; Mathangasinghe, Yasith; Matozinhos, Fernanda Penido; Mattoo, Khurshid A.; McPhail, Steven M.; Mediratta, Rishi P.; Mehta, Vini; Meles, Hadush Negash; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A.; Meretoja, Atte; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Mettananda, Chamila Dinushi Kukulege; Mettananda, Sachith; Mini, G. K.; Mittal, Chaitanya; Modi, Natansh Deepak; Mogessie, Yidnek; Mohamed, Heba M.; Mohamed, Hebatalla; Mohamed, Jama; Mohamed, Mona Gamal; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Ahmed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed; Mohammad, Taj; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohan, Syam; Mokdad, Ali H.; Mollaei, Amirabbas; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Monteiro, Francis Nanda Prakash; Morgan, Anthony Kwame; Morsy, Mahmoud M.; Mousavi, Seyed Ahmad; Kiasary, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Mousavi; Yousefi, Kimia Mozahheb; Mubarik, Sumaira; Mukherjee, Sumoni; Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham; Mustafa, Ghulam; Mustapha, Mubarak Taiwo; Muthu, Sathish; Muzaffar, Muhammad; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Naghibzadeh, Amirhossein; Naik, Ganesh R.; Naik, Hiten; Nainu, Firzan; Nambi, Gopal; Nargus, Shumaila; Nassar, Mahmoud; Natto, Zuhair S.; Nawsherwan, N. A.; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nazri-Panjaki, Athare; Negash, Abigia Ashenafi; Negoi, Ionut; Netsere, Henok Biresaw; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Long Nguyen; Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y.; Trang Nguyen; Van Thanh Nguyen; Nikoo-Bar, Ali; Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet; Oancea, Bogdan; Odat, Ramez M.; Ogundijo, Oluwaseun Adeolu; Ojedoyin, Olusegun Olatunji; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Okeke, Sylvester Reuben; Olabisi, Oluwaseyi Isaiah; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi; Omage, Folorunsho Bright; Opitz, Marcel; Orscelik, Atakan; Osborne, Augustus; Othman, Elham H.; Ouyahia, Amel; Owusu, Irene Amoakoh; Oyebola, Kolapo; Pakbaz, Yeganeh; Palicz, Tamas; Pantazopoulos, Ioannis; Paolino, Giovanni; Pardhan, Shahina; Parida, Amrita; Pashaei, Ava; Passera, Roberto; Patel, Shiv; Patil, Shankargouda; Pawar, Shrikant; Pawar, Shubhadarshini; Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki; Peres, Mario F. P.; Philip, Anil K.; Piracha, Zahra Zahid; Pirera, Edoardo; Plotnikov, Evgenii; Polibin, Roman V.; Ponkilainen, Ville T.; Pourasghary, Sajjad; Pourghazi, Farzad; Poursadeqiyan, Mohsen; Pourshams, Akram; Qasim, Nameer Hashim; Qattea, Ibrahim; Qi, Xiang; Qi, Zhipeng; Qiu, Jia-Yong; Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman; Radojcic, Maja R.; Raghav, Pankaja; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Fryad Majeed; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Raja, Adarsh; Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed; Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran; Ramazanu, Sheena; Rancic, Nemanja; Rathish, Devarajan; Rawaf, David Laith; Rawaf, Salman; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Rezaei, Mina; Rezaei, Nazila; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Riad, Abanoub; Rocha-Gomes, Joao Rocha; Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia; Roever, Leonardo; Rony, Moustaq Karim Khan; Rout, Himanshu Sekhar; Chandan, S. N.; Saad, Aly M. A.; Sabet, Cameron John; Saeed, Mohd; Saeed, Umar; Safari, Mehdi; Saki, Morteza; Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa; Saleem, Zikria; Saleh, Mohamed A.; Salihu, Dauda; Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo; Samy, Abdallah M.; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.; Saravanan, Aswini; Sarmadi, Mohammad; Sarode, Gargi Sachin; Sarode, Sachin C.; Sathian, Brijesh; Narayanan, Mukesh Kumar Sathya; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sawhney, Monika; Schinckus, Christophe; Semreen, Mohammad H.; Sengupta, Pallav; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Sethi, Yashendra; Seylani, Allen; Shahwan, Moyad Jamal; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib; Shamsi, Anas; Shamsutdinova, Alfiya; Shan, Dan; Sharifan, Amin; Rad, Javad Sharifi; Shastry, Shamee; Shawahna, Ramzi; Sheikhi, Rahim Ali; Sherchan, Samendra P.; Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar; Shetty, Pavanchand H.; Shetty, Premalatha K.; Shimul, Md Monir Hossain; Shitaye, Nebiyu Aniley; Shittu, Aminu; Shool, Sina; Shrestha, Sunil; Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar; Siddiqua, Ayesha; Singh, Baljinder; Singh, Harmanjit; Singh, Puneetpal; Singh, Surjit; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Sobia, Farrukh; Sokhal, Balamrit Singh; Sood, Prashant; Soraneh, Soroush; Spartalis, Michael; Srichawla, Bahadar S.; Srinivasan, Manikandan; Srivastava, Devin Bailey; Stergachis, Andy; Subasi, Omer; Subramanian, Aravindkumar; Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan; Sundaram, Thanigaivel; Swain, Chandan Kumar; Szarpak, Lukasz; Tabatabaei, Fatemeh Sadat; Tabatabaei, Seyed Shahaboddin; Tabche, Celine; Tabish, Mohammad; Abkenar, Yasaman Taheri; Tariq, Saba; Oliaee, Razieh Tavakoli; Tavakoly, Rahele; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Tesfamariam, Wegen Beyene; Theyra-Enias, Hadiza; Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera; Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer; Tleshev, Madi; Tomo, Sojit; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; An Thien Tran; Tam Quoc Minh Tran; Nguyen Tran Minh Duc; Trico, Domenico; Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini; Car, Lorainne Tudor; Udoakang, Aniefiok John; Ullah, Atta; Ullah, Himayat; Umar, Hauwa Onozasi; Umar, Lawan; Upadhyay, Era; Usman, Jibrin Sammani; Uzuncibuk, Hande; Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj; Vellingiri, Balachandar; Wang, Qingzhi; Wang, Wei; Wang, Yanzhong; Wiebe, Samuel; Wojewodzic, Marcin W.; Wu, Zenghong; Xiao, Lishun; Xie, Wanqing; Yadollahi, Mahnaz; Yang, Haibo; Yesodharan, Renjulal; Yin, Dehui; Yismaw, Malede Berihun; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yu, Chuanhua; Yuce, Deniz; Zanghi, Aurora; Zastrozhin, Michael; Zawiah, Mohammed; Zeariya, Mohammed G. M.; Zensen, Sebastian; Zhan, Tiansong; Zhang, Xiaoyi; Zhao, Zhongyi; Zhong, Claire Chenwen; Zhumagaliuly, Abzal; Zyoud, Sa&apos;ed H.; Shin, Jae Il; Yon, Dong Keon; Smith, Lee

doi:10.3904/kjim.2025.278

YUHSpace

BROWSE

19 27

Cited 0 times in

Global burden of adverse effects of medical treatment from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Authors: Jeong, Yi Deun ; Park, Seoyoung ; Jang, Wonwoo ; Kim, Min Seo ; Bhoomadevi, A. ; Aalipour, Mohammad Amin ; Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani ; Abdoun, Meriem ; Abdullahi, Auwal ; Abdul-Rahman, Toufik ; Abedi, Armita ; Aboagye, Richard Gyan ; Abouzid, Mohamed ; Abtahi, Dariush ; Abubakar, Bilyaminu ; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman ; Abuhelwa, Ahmad Y. ; Aburuz, Salahdein ; Abushanab, Dina ; Adams, Lisa C. ; Adedokun, Kamoru Ademola ; Adegoke, Nurudeen A. ; Adeleke, Olumide Thomas ; Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi ; Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther ; Adnan, Mohd ; Adoma, Prince Owusu ; Adzrago, David ; Afolabi, Habeeb Abiodun ; Afrasanie, Vlad-Adrian ; Afrashteh, Fatemeh ; Afzal, Saira ; Agyemang-Duah, Williams ; Ahadi, Mahsa ; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku ; Ahmad, Aqeel ; Ahmad, Danish ; Ahmad, Muayyad M. ; Ahmad, Sajjad ; Ahmadi, Negar Sadat ; Ahmed, Ali ; Ahmed, Ayman ; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir ; Ahmed, Sindew Mahmud ; Ahmed, Syed Anees ; Al-Ajlouni, Yazan ; Alam, Mostafa ; Al-Ashwal, Fahmi Y. ; Aldhaleei, Wafa A. ; Aleidi, Shereen M. ; Alfalki, Ali M. ; Algammal, Abdelazeem M. ; Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji ; Alhuwail, Dari ; Ali, Abid ; Ali, Bassam R. ; Ali, Liaqat ; Ali, Mohammad Daud ; Ali, Mohammed Usman ; Ali, Rafat ; Ali, Syed Shujait ; Alipour, Morteza ; Al-Jabi, Samah W. ; Aljofan, Mohamad ; Alkhawam, Mustafa ; Allouh, Mohammed Z. ; Al-Marwani, Sabah ; Almazan, Joseph Uy ; Alqudimat, Mohammad R. ; Al-Qudimat, Ahmad Rajeh ; Alrimawi, Intima ; Alsabri, Mohammed A. ; Alshahrani, Najim Z. ; Altaf, Awais ; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed ; Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim ; Amin, Amr ; Amindarolzarbi, Alireza ; Amzat, Jimoh ; Anagnostakis, Filippos ; Andrei, Catalina Liliana ; Anjorin, Abdul-Azeez Adeyemi ; Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola ; Anvari, Saeid ; Anwar, Saleha ; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward ; Arabloo, Jalal ; Arafat, Mosab ; de la Torre, Jorge Arias ; Arjmand, Ghazal ; Arockiaraj, Jesu ; Artamonov, Anton A. ; Arumugam, Ashokan ; Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin ; Ashrafi, Mitra ; Assefa, Dereje Zewdu ; Atreya, Alok ; Atta, Julie Alaere ; Ayanore, Martin Amogre ; Ayatollahi, Haleh ; Azadnia, Arian ; Azargoonjahromi, Ali ; Azeez, Fahad Khan ; Aziz, Sadat Abdulla ; Azzam, Ahmed Y. ; Baghsheikhi, Hediyeh ; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin ; Banach, Maciej ; Bansal, Hansi ; Bante, Simachew Animen ; Bardhan, Mainak ; Barrow, Amadou ; Basharat, Zarrin ; Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi ; Batiha, Abdul-Monim ; Batra, Kavita ; Bayat, Mahdis ; Bayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew ; Beeraka, Narasimha M. ; Bilgin, Gokce Belge ; Berihun, Abiye Assefa ; Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C. ; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth ; Bhala, Neeraj ; Bhardwaj, Nikha ; Bhardwaj, Pankaj ; Bhaskar, Sonu ; Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini ; Bhatti, Rajbir ; Bievel-Radulescu, Raluca ; Bilgin, Cem ; Bizzozero-Peroni, Bruno ; Bolourinejad, Paria ; Boppana, Sri Harsha ; Carvajal, Alejandro Botero ; Bulamu, Norma B. ; Busch, Felix ; Bustanji, Yasser ; Cairns, Rose ; Barsbay, Mehtap Cakmak ; Camera, Luis Alberto ; Cao, Si ; Capodici, Angelo ; Carugno, Andrea ; Carvalho, Andre F. ; Carvalho, Marcia ; Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio ; Cenderadewi, Muthia ; Chacon-Uscamaita, Pamela Roxana ; Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai ; Chattu, Vijay Kumar ; Chau, Lam Duc ; Chaudhuri, Sirshendu ; Chen, An-Tian ; Chen, Haowei ; Chen, Qingsong ; Chen, Xing ; Ching, Patrick R. ; Cho, Daniel Youngwhan ; Chong, Bryan ; Chopra, Hitesh ; Chopra, Shivani ; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan ; Chu, Dinh-Toi ; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday ; Chung, Sunghyun ; Columbus, Alyssa ; Conde, Joao ; Dadras, Omid ; Dai, Xiaochen ; Dalakoti, Mayank ; Damiani, Giovanni ; D'Amico, Emanuele ; Damtie, Endalamaw Tesfa ; Dang, Anh Kim ; Darcho, Samuel Demissie ; Dardas, Latefa Ali ; Dargan, Paul I. ; Dervisevic, Emina ; Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan ; Devarakonda, Pradeep Kumar ; Dhama, Kuldeep ; Dhingra, Sameer ; Di, Jingkai ; da Silva, Diana Dias ; Djalalinia, Shirin ; Huyen Phuc Do ; Dohare, Sushil ; Dolatkhah, Neda ; D'Oria, Mario ; Dorostkar, Fariba ; Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai ; Dowou, Robert Kokou ; Dsouza, Viola Savy ; Dumbullo, Aster Dure ; Duraisamy, Senbagam ; Dutta, Sulagna ; E'mar, Abdel Rahman ; Ebraheim, Lamiaa Labieb Mahmoud ; Sedeh, Ashkan Eighaei ; Ekholuenetale, Michael ; Elhadi, Muhammed ; Elnaem, Mohamed Hassan ; Eltaha, Chadi ; Eltahawy, Abdelgawad Salah ; Zeydi, Amir Emami ; Ezenwankwo, Elochukwu ; Fadavian, Heidar ; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis ; Fahim, Ayesha ; Fareed, Mohammad ; Farina, Sara ; Fatehizadeh, Ali ; Feizkhah, Alireza ; Fekadu, Ginenus ; Femoe, Ulrich Membe ; Fernandez-Jimenez, Rodrigo ; Ferrara, Pietro ; Ferreira, Nuno ; Fischer, Florian ; Fogacci, Federica ; Foroutan, Behzad ; Fukumoto, Takeshi ; Gadeka, Dominic Dormenyo ; Gajdacs, Mario ; Gao, Dingwei ; Gao, Xiang ; Garcia-Azorin, David ; Gautam, Rupesh K. ; Gebregergis, Miglas Welay ; Ghadimi, Delaram J. ; Ghaffari, Kazem ; Ghamkhar, Arin ; Ghassemi, Fariba ; Gholami, Zainab ; Gil, Artyom Urievich ; Girmay, Alem Abera ; Golechha, Mahaveer ; Goleij, Pouya ; Golkar, Mohsen ; Golmohammadi, Melika ; Gomes, Nelson G. M. ; Grada, Ayman ; Guan, Shi-Yang ; Guarducci, Giovanni ; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga ; Gupta, Veer Bala ; Gutierrez-Murillo, Roberth Steven ; Guttoo, Parishma ; Hadi, Najah R. ; Halder, Pritam ; Hameed, Sajid ; Hamidi, Samer ; Hansford, Harrison J. ; Hasan, Mohammad Jahid ; Hasan, Syed Shahzad ; Hasnain, Md Saquib ; Hassan, Amr ; Hassan, Muhammad ; Hassan, Nageeb ; Tabatabaei, Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh ; Havmoeller, Rasmus J. ; Hayat, Khezar ; Hedna, Khedidja ; Heidari, Mohammad ; Heydari, Mojtaba ; Hiraike, Yuta ; Hossain, Alamgir ; Hostiuc, Sorin ; Hoven, Hanno ; Hu, Guoqing ; Huang, Junjie ; Huang, Xiaojie ; Hushmandi, Kiavash ; Hwang, Bing-Fang ; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen ; Ilic, Irena M. ; Ilic, Milena D. ; Irham, Lalu Muhammad ; Isa, Abubakar Musa ; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful ; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah ; Jahrami, Haitham ; Jain, Anmol ; Jain, Nityanand ; Jaiswal, Vikash ; Jakhmola-Mani, Ruchi ; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo ; Jamal, Armaan ; James, Jerin ; Mamaghani, Amirreza Javadi ; Jayasinghe, Ruwan Duminda ; Jebasingh, Felix K. ; Jeong, Gwang Hun ; Jeong, Seogsong ; Jeswani, Bijay Mukesh Mukesh ; Joseph, Nitin ; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma ; Kakkar, Ashish Kumar ; Kamath, Ashwin ; Kamorudeen, Ramat T. ; Kanaan, Saddam Fuad ; Kankam, Samuel Berchi ; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem ; Kantar, Rami S. ; Kar, Sujita Kumar ; Karkhah, Samad ; Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali ; Karpinski, Tomasz M. M. ; Kauppila, Joonas H. ; Keshwani, Ariz ; Khajuria, Himanshu ; Khaksar, Mohammad Ali ; Khalid-Ariturk, Sumaira ; Khan, Ajmal ; Khan, Muhammad Mueed ; Khan, Ramsha Mushtaq ; Khan, Yusuf Saleem ; Khan, Zahid ; Khasbage, Sameer Uttamaro ; Khatatbeh, Haitham ; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad ; Khubchandani, Jagdish ; Kisa, Adnan ; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar ; Kompani, Farzad ; Korzh, Oleksii ; Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane ; Kretchy, Irene Akwo ; Krishna, Varun ; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk ; Kuddus, Mohammed ; Kulimbet, Mukhtar ; Kusuma, Dian ; Kyto, Ville ; Laflamme, Lucie ; Lasrado, Savita ; Le, Duc Huy ; Le, Thao Thi Thu ; Ledda, Caterina ; Lee, Seung Won ; Lee, Wei-Chen ; Leivaditis, Vasileios ; Li, Jing ; Ligade, Virendra S. ; Lin, Liangquan ; Liu, Xiaofeng ; Liu, Xuefeng ; Llanaj, Erand ; Lopukhov, Platon D. ; Lubinda, Jailos ; Lucchetti, Giancarlo ; Lunevicius, Raimundas ; Luo, Peng ; Lytvyak, Ellina ; Ma, Kevin Sheng-Kai ; Madinezad, Seyed Ataollah ; Madureira-Carvalho, Aurea Marilia ; Mahalingam, Sasikumar ; Mahalleh, Mehrdad ; Mahamed, Samatar Abshir ; Mahmood, Nozad Hussein ; Mahmoudi, Farhad ; Maled, Venkatesh ; Malik, Ahmad Azam ; Mannethodi, Kamaruddeen ; Manzoor, Shaista ; Marzo, Roy Rillera ; Marzouk, Sammer ; Mathangasinghe, Yasith ; Matozinhos, Fernanda Penido ; Mattoo, Khurshid A. ; McPhail, Steven M. ; Mediratta, Rishi P. ; Mehta, Vini ; Meles, Hadush Negash ; Menezes, Ritesh G. ; Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A. ; Meretoja, Atte ; Meretoja, Tuomo J. ; Mestrovic, Tomislav ; Mettananda, Chamila Dinushi Kukulege ; Mettananda, Sachith ; Mini, G. K. ; Mittal, Chaitanya ; Modi, Natansh Deepak ; Mogessie, Yidnek ; Mohamed, Heba M. ; Mohamed, Hebatalla ; Mohamed, Jama ; Mohamed, Mona Gamal ; Mohamed, Nouh Saad ; Ahmed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed ; Mohammad, Taj ; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah ; Mohammed, Shafiu ; Mohan, Syam ; Mokdad, Ali H. ; Mollaei, Amirabbas ; Moni, Mohammad Ali ; Monteiro, Francis Nanda Prakash ; Morgan, Anthony Kwame ; Morsy, Mahmoud M. ; Mousavi, Seyed Ahmad ; Kiasary, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Mousavi ; Yousefi, Kimia Mozahheb ; Mubarik, Sumaira ; Mukherjee, Sumoni ; Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham ; Mustafa, Ghulam ; Mustapha, Mubarak Taiwo ; Muthu, Sathish ; Muzaffar, Muhammad ; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman ; Naghibzadeh, Amirhossein ; Naik, Ganesh R. ; Naik, Hiten ; Nainu, Firzan ; Nambi, Gopal ; Nargus, Shumaila ; Nassar, Mahmoud ; Natto, Zuhair S. ; Nawsherwan, N. A. ; Nayak, Biswa Prakash ; Nazri-Panjaki, Athare ; Negash, Abigia Ashenafi ; Negoi, Ionut ; Netsere, Henok Biresaw ; Cuong Tat Nguyen ; Long Nguyen ; Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y. ; Trang Nguyen ; Van Thanh Nguyen ; Nikoo-Bar, Ali ; Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi ; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet ; Oancea, Bogdan ; Odat, Ramez M. ; Ogundijo, Oluwaseun Adeolu ; Ojedoyin, Olusegun Olatunji ; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan ; Okeke, Sylvester Reuben ; Olabisi, Oluwaseyi Isaiah ; Olagunju, Andrew T. ; Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi ; Omage, Folorunsho Bright ; Opitz, Marcel ; Orscelik, Atakan ; Osborne, Augustus ; Othman, Elham H. ; Ouyahia, Amel ; Owusu, Irene Amoakoh ; Oyebola, Kolapo ; Pakbaz, Yeganeh ; Palicz, Tamas ; Pantazopoulos, Ioannis ; Paolino, Giovanni ; Pardhan, Shahina ; Parida, Amrita ; Pashaei, Ava ; Passera, Roberto ; Patel, Shiv ; Patil, Shankargouda ; Pawar, Shrikant ; Pawar, Shubhadarshini ; Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki ; Peres, Mario F. P. ; Philip, Anil K. ; Piracha, Zahra Zahid ; Pirera, Edoardo ; Plotnikov, Evgenii ; Polibin, Roman V. ; Ponkilainen, Ville T. ; Pourasghary, Sajjad ; Pourghazi, Farzad ; Poursadeqiyan, Mohsen ; Pourshams, Akram ; Qasim, Nameer Hashim ; Qattea, Ibrahim ; Qi, Xiang ; Qi, Zhipeng ; Qiu, Jia-Yong ; Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman ; Radojcic, Maja R. ; Raghav, Pankaja ; Rahim, Fakher ; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa ; Rahman, Fryad Majeed ; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur ; Rahman, Mosiur ; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz ; Raja, Adarsh ; Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed ; Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran ; Ramazanu, Sheena ; Rancic, Nemanja ; Rathish, Devarajan ; Rawaf, David Laith ; Rawaf, Salman ; Renzaho, Andre M. N. ; Rezaei, Mina ; Rezaei, Nazila ; Rezaeian, Mohsen ; Riad, Abanoub ; Rocha-Gomes, Joao Rocha ; Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia ; Roever, Leonardo ; Rony, Moustaq Karim Khan ; Rout, Himanshu Sekhar ; Chandan, S. N. ; Saad, Aly M. A. ; Sabet, Cameron John ; Saeed, Mohd ; Saeed, Umar ; Safari, Mehdi ; Saki, Morteza ; Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa ; Saleem, Zikria ; Saleh, Mohamed A. ; Salihu, Dauda ; Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo ; Samy, Abdallah M. ; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M. ; Saravanan, Aswini ; Sarmadi, Mohammad ; Sarode, Gargi Sachin ; Sarode, Sachin C. ; Sathian, Brijesh ; Narayanan, Mukesh Kumar Sathya ; Satpathy, Maheswar ; Sawhney, Monika ; Schinckus, Christophe ; Semreen, Mohammad H. ; Sengupta, Pallav ; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian ; Sethi, Yashendra ; Seylani, Allen ; Shahwan, Moyad Jamal ; Shaikh, Masood Ali ; Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib ; Shamsi, Anas ; Shamsutdinova, Alfiya ; Shan, Dan ; Sharifan, Amin ; Rad, Javad Sharifi ; Shastry, Shamee ; Shawahna, Ramzi ; Sheikhi, Rahim Ali ; Sherchan, Samendra P. ; Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar ; Shetty, Pavanchand H. ; Shetty, Premalatha K. ; Shimul, Md Monir Hossain ; Shitaye, Nebiyu Aniley ; Shittu, Aminu ; Shool, Sina ; Shrestha, Sunil ; Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar ; Siddiqua, Ayesha ; Singh, Baljinder ; Singh, Harmanjit ; Singh, Puneetpal ; Singh, Surjit ; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich ; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna ; Sobia, Farrukh ; Sokhal, Balamrit Singh ; Sood, Prashant ; Soraneh, Soroush ; Spartalis, Michael ; Srichawla, Bahadar S. ; Srinivasan, Manikandan ; Srivastava, Devin Bailey ; Stergachis, Andy ; Subasi, Omer ; Subramanian, Aravindkumar ; Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan ; Sundaram, Thanigaivel ; Swain, Chandan Kumar ; Szarpak, Lukasz ; Tabatabaei, Fatemeh Sadat ; Tabatabaei, Seyed Shahaboddin ; Tabche, Celine ; Tabish, Mohammad ; Abkenar, Yasaman Taheri ; Tariq, Saba ; Oliaee, Razieh Tavakoli ; Tavakoly, Rahele ; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani ; Tesfamariam, Wegen Beyene ; Theyra-Enias, Hadiza ; Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera ; Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer ; Tleshev, Madi ; Tomo, Sojit ; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto ; An Thien Tran ; Tam Quoc Minh Tran ; Nguyen Tran Minh Duc ; Trico, Domenico ; Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini ; Car, Lorainne Tudor ; Udoakang, Aniefiok John ; Ullah, Atta ; Ullah, Himayat ; Umar, Hauwa Onozasi ; Umar, Lawan ; Upadhyay, Era ; Usman, Jibrin Sammani ; Uzuncibuk, Hande ; Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj ; Vellingiri, Balachandar ; Wang, Qingzhi ; Wang, Wei ; Wang, Yanzhong ; Wiebe, Samuel ; Wojewodzic, Marcin W. ; Wu, Zenghong ; Xiao, Lishun ; Xie, Wanqing ; Yadollahi, Mahnaz ; Yang, Haibo ; Yesodharan, Renjulal ; Yin, Dehui ; Yismaw, Malede Berihun ; Yonemoto, Naohiro ; Yu, Chuanhua ; Yuce, Deniz ; Zanghi, Aurora ; Zastrozhin, Michael ; Zawiah, Mohammed ; Zeariya, Mohammed G. M. ; Zensen, Sebastian ; Zhan, Tiansong ; Zhang, Xiaoyi ; Zhao, Zhongyi ; Zhong, Claire Chenwen ; Zhumagaliuly, Abzal ; Zyoud, Sa'ed H. ; Shin, Jae Il ; Yon, Dong Keon ; Smith, Lee

Citation: KOREAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, Vol.41(2) : 350-366, 2026-03

Journal Title: KOREAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

ISSN: 1226-3303

Issue Date: 2026-03

MeSH: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions* / epidemiology ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions* / mortality ; Female ; Global Burden of Disease* / trends ; Global Health ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

Keywords: Adverse effect ; Global Burden of Disease ; Disability-adjusted life years ; Incidence ; Mortality

Abstract: Background/Aims: This study aims to evaluate the global burden of adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Methods: Data were extracted from the GBD 2021, covering 204 countries/territories from 1990 to 2021. AEMT was defined using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, encompassing complications from medical procedures, treatments, or healthcare exposures. Estimates were categorized into fatal and non-fatal outcomes and stratified by age, sex, year, and covariates, including the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Mortality-incidence ratios (MIRs), defined as the ratio of mortality calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total incident cases, were analyzed. Results: In 2021, the global age-standardized prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates of AEMT were 11.48 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 8.86-14.13), 150.44 (131.19-171.81), 64.19 (51.06-73.11), and 1.53 (1.29-1.68) per 100,000 population, respectively. DALY rates were highest in the early neonatal group (4,789.47 per 100,000 population [95% UI, 3,682.00-5,963.30]), while mortality rates followed a U-shaped pattern across age groups. In 2021, MIRs were highest at both ends of the age range: the early neonatal group (0.58 [95% UI, 0.55-0.58]) and the 95+ age group (0.05 [0.04-0.06]). This pattern was consistent across all SDI quintiles, with higher MIRs observed in lower SDI quintiles. Conclusions: The significantly higher prevalence and incidence rates of AEMT among the older population in high SDI quintiles, compared to lower SDI quintiles, could be attributed to the healthcare overutilization, highlighting the need for policy adjustments.