Anatomical and functional asymmetry predicts G-force tolerance in high-Intensity physical performers

Abstract

Anatomical asymmetry is known to affect motor control and postural stability, but its impact under extreme physical stress, such as gravitational acceleration, remains underexplored. This study examined the association between anatomical asymmetry, functional movement patterns, occlusal force distribution, and G-force tolerance in Air Force cadets. Thirty male cadets underwent a G-force tolerance test using a human centrifuge. Functional asymmetry was assessed using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), and occlusal force distribution was measured with a pressure-sensitive film system. Skeletal muscle mass was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Participants were categorized into pass and fail groups based on G-test results. Group comparisons and multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of G-force performance. Skeletal muscle mass was significantly higher in the pass group, while other body composition variables showed no differences. The pass group outperformed the fail group in most FMS items, with the fail group showing greater bilateral imbalances in both FMS and occlusal force. Regression analysis identified significant associations between G-test outcomes and occlusal force parameters, and correlation analysis confirmed strong relationships with skeletal muscle mass and FMS scores, particularly the hurdle step. Functional and structural symmetries, especially movement patterns and occlusal balances, were associated with G-test outcomes, which serve as indirect indicators of tolerance to gravitational acceleration. Targeted interventions such as strength training and neuromuscular coordination exercises may be considered as potential strategies for future research to improve G-force tolerance and reduce injury risk in high-intensity physical activity populations.