Structural and functional asymmetry of the lower limb related to gravitational acceleration tolerance

Abstract

This study investigates the physiological effects of intensive physical training on femoral cartilage morphology and limb asymmetry in strength in air force cadets. Thirty male cadets were evaluated using ultrasonography to measure femoral cartilage thickness, isokinetic testing to assess knee flexor and extensor strength, and the functional movement screen (FMS) to examine movement patterns. Participants were divided into pass and fail groups based on the G test, a measure of gravitational acceleration tolerance. Cadets in the fail group exhibited significantly thinner cartilage in the medial condyle of the right knee and greater knee flexion asymmetry at 180 degrees/s. The pass group demonstrated superior FMS performance, greater muscular strength, and less limb asymmetry. These findings suggest that repetitive mechanical loading during military training may lead to cartilage thinning and functional asymmetry, increasing the risk of musculoskeletal injury. Periodic musculoskeletal screening and targeted interventions could mitigate injury risks in occupational environments characterized by high physical demands.