The Relationship Between Foreign Wage Workers’ Self-Assessment of Working Conditions and Occupational Injuries
Authors
정현
College
Graduate School of Public Health (보건대학원)
Department
Graduate School of Public Health (보건대학원)
Degree
석사
Issue Date
2025-08
Abstract
2023년 「이민자 체류실태 및 고용조사」에서 결측이 없는 외국인 임금근로자 13,085명을 분석하였다. 부상 경험(최근 1년)을 종속변수로, 한국인 대비 근무여건 인식(급여·근로시간·업무량, ‘많음/비슷함/적음’)을 주요 독립변수로 설정하고, 성별·연령·학력·근속연수·사업장 규모를 통제한 단계적 로지스틱 회귀를 수행하였다. 산업군은 농업·임업·어업, 광업·제조업, 건설업, 도소매·숙박·음식점업, 사업·개인·공공서비스업 다섯 개로 구분하였다. 결과는 오즈비(odds ratio, OR)와 95 % 신뢰구간(Confidence Interval, CI)으로 제시하였다. 분석 결과, 업무량을 ‘많다’고 자가평가한 외국인 근로자는 ‘비슷하다’는 근로자보다 최근 1년간 작업 중 부상을 경험할 확률이 2.26배 높았다(CI 1.60–3.19). 산업군별로는 도소매·숙박·음식점업에서 그 위험이 4.67배(CI 2.79–7.83)로 가장 컸다. 근로시간을 ‘많다’고 인식한 집단도 광업·제조업에서 1.61배(CI 1.04–2.49), 건설업에서 2.02배(CI 1.26–3.24)의 유의한 위험 증가를 보였다. 반면 급여 수준을 ‘적다’고 평가한 근로자는 광업·제조업 1.77배(CI 1.13–2.77), 도소매·숙박·음식점업 1.83배(CI 1.16–2.90), 사업·개인·공공서비스업 1.43배(CI 1.02–2.00)로 부상 위험이 높았다. 건설업에서는 ‘급여가 많다’고 응답한 극소 표본(n = 1)에서 오히려 위험이 0.11배(CI 0.01–0.84)로 낮게 나타났다. 통제변수 분석에서 여성은 일부 산업군에서 남성보다 부상 odds가 낮았으며, 도소매·숙박·음식점업의 30–49인 사업장은 3.62배(CI 1.93–6.79)로 높아 중규모 사업장의 안전관리 공백이 시사되었다. 이상의 결과는 외국인 근로자가 체감하는 업무량 과다가 산업과 성별을 넘어 일관된 산업재해 예측지표임을 보여준다. 고용허가제 사후관리와 현장 점검 과정에서 간단한 자가평가 문항을 활용하면 고위험 집단을 조기에 선별할 수 있다. 또한 광업·제조업·건설업에서는 장시간 노동 규제와 적정 임금체계 확립, 도소매·숙박·음식점업에서는 피크타임 인력 충원과 휴게시간 보장 등 산업 맞춤형 관리 전략이 요구된다.
Background Migrant workers often face poorer working conditions than native workers, yet evidence linking their own perceptions of those conditions to occupational-injury risk is limited. This study investigated how migrant wage workers’ self-assessed pay, working hours and workload, relative to Korean workers, are associated with occupational injuries. Methods We analysed 13,085 migrant wage workers with complete data from the 2023 Survey on Immigrants' Living Conditions and Labour Force. The dependent variable was occupational injury within the previous year (yes/no). Main predictors were perceived differences in pay, working hours and workload (“higher”, “similar” or “lower” versus Koreans). Stepwise logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, education, tenure and company size. Results are presented as odds ratios (OR) in times with confidence intervals (CI). Analyses were stratified by five industry groups: Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Mining and Manufacturing; Construction; Wholesale, Retail, Food and Lodging; and Business, Personal and Public Services. Results Perceiving workload as higher than Koreans increased injury risk 2.26 times (CI 1.60–3.19) and peaked at 4.67 times (CI 2.79–7.83) in Wholesale, Retail, Food and Lodging. Perceiving longer working hours raised risk 1.61 times in Mining and Manufacturing (CI 1.04–2.49) and 2.02 times in Construction (CI 1.26–3.24). Rating pay as lower increased risk 1.77 times in Mining and Manufacturing (CI 1.13–2.77), 1.83 times in Wholesale, Retail, Food and Lodging (CI 1.16–2.90) and 1.43 times in Business, Personal and Public Services (CI 1.02–2.00). In Construction, one respondent who perceived higher pay had a markedly lower risk at 0.11 times (CI 0.01–0.84). Women showed lower odds than men in several industries, while workplaces with 30–49 employees in Wholesale, Retail, Food and Lodging had a higher risk at 3.62 times (CI 1.93–6.79). Conclusion An excessive workload perceived by migrant workers is a consistent predictor of occupational injuries across industries and genders. Incorporating simple self-assessment items into post-Employment-Permit-System monitoring and workplace inspections could facilitate early identification of high-risk groups. Industry-specific interventions, such as regulating long hours and ensuring fair wages in Mining and Manufacturing and Construction, and adding staff and rest breaks during peak times in Wholesale, Retail, Food and Lodging, are warranted to reduce occupational-injury risk among migrant workers.