Socially Assistive Robot Hyodol for Depressive Symptoms of Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Medically Underserved Areas: A Preliminary Study

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Socially assistive robots effectively support elderly care when they incorporate personalization, person-centered principles, rich interactions, and careful role setting with psychosocial alignment. Hyodol, a socially assistive robot designed for elderly people, embodies a grandchild's persona, emulating the grandparent-grandchild relationship. Based on the behavioral activation principles and a human-centered approach, this robot continuously supports users' emotional well-being, health management, and daily routines. Methods: The current study evaluated Hyodol's impact on depressive symptoms and other quality of life factors among older adults living in medically underserved areas. A total of 278 participants were assessed for depressive symptoms, loneliness, medication adherence, and user acceptance. Results: After six months of use, participants showed significant reductions in overall depressive symptoms, with a 45% decrease in the proportion of individuals at high risk of depression. Significant improvements were also observed in loneliness and medication adherence. Participants reported high levels of user acceptance and satisfaction, exceeding 70% of the total score. Participants who engaged more frequently in free chat with Hyodol showed greater improvements in depressive symptoms. Conclusions: These results highlight Hyodol's potential as a promising tool for enhancing mental healthcare and overall well-being in this population. This at-home mental-healthcare framework can complement primary care and, if its effects are confirmed in controlled trials, could contribute to reducing healthcare burden and preventing the onset and escalation of depressive symptoms.