Low-Income Older Adults' User Challenges and Preferences Related to Voice Interface Design on Smart Speakers

Abstract

PURPOSE: Artificial intelligence-based voice assistants offer diverse functionalities to support aging in place. The current study explored usability challenges and design recommendations for voice user interfaces (VUIs) of smart speakers among low-income older adults. METHOD: Results from two user-centered design studies involving residents in lowincome housing (n = 27 and n = 11, respectively), including current smart speaker users and nonusers living alone, were synthesized. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, we explored participants'experiences, challenges, and design preferences for smart speakers. RESULTS: Participants reported difficulties with technology learning opportunities, lack of in-person technical support, and usability issues with VUI. They also highlighted user-related challenges, such as cognitive and physical limitations, affecting interaction with the devices. Participants proposed VUI design improvements to enhance usability, accessibility, and engagement. CONCLUSION: The current study contributes to the identification of key barriers and facilitators for smart speaker adoption among underserved older adults, offering recommendations for more inclusive and user-friendly VUI design. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 51(7), 7-14.]