Clinical Outcomes of Regenerative Endodontic Procedure: Periapical Healing, Root Development, and Intracanal Calcification

Abstract

Introduction: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of regenerative endodontic procedure in terms of the resolution of apical periodontitis (AP), root development (RtDev), and intracanal calcification (IC). Methods: The clinical outcomes of a total of 111 cases from 94 patients who underwent regenerative endodontic procedures between 2015 and 2020 were assessed based on clinical and radiographic evaluations. Results: The cumulative survival rate was 85.15%, and RtDev was identified in 67.33% of cases. The incidence of IC has increased over time, reaching 43.45%. The median follow-up time was 1267 days (95% confidence interval, 991-infinity) for AP healing and RtDev and 776 days (95% confidence interval, 563-1754) for IC. The 4th stage of RtDev and intracanal medication for less than 14 days or more than 60 days were associated with significantly lower AP healing (P < .05). Patients younger than 8 years of age, absence of a periapical lesion, 2nd and 3rd stage of RtDev, and 14-30 days of intracanal medication were associated with a higher incidence of RtDev (P < .05). Dens evaginatus was associated with a significantly higher incidence of IC (P < .05). Conclusions: The stage of RtDev and duration of intracanal medication significantly affected AP healing and RtDev. Additionally, age and the presence of a periapical lesion were found to influence RtDev, whereas etiology was identified as the only predictor of IC.