Choosing the right adjuvant therapy for stage III–IVA endometrial cancer: A comparative analysis of chemoradiotherapy and chemotherapy

Abstract

Objective: The optimal adjuvant treatment for patients with locally advanced endometrial cancer (EC) remains debatable. We comparatively analyzed recurrence patterns and survival outcomes in patients with stage III-IVA EC treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) exclusively or combined with radiotherapy (CRT).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 184 patients treated for stage III-IVA EC at 2 tertiary institutions between 2010 and 2021. All patients underwent standard primary surgery and received either CT alone (n = 89) or CRT (n = 95) as an adjuvant treatment. We compared the failure patterns, recurrence-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) between the CT and CRT groups.

Results: The median follow-up period was 54.8 months. Most patients underwent pelvic (94.6%) or para-aortic (75.5%) lymphadenectomies. The 5-year RFS was 69.2% with CRT versus 56.3% with CT (P = 0.038), and 5-year OS was 86.1% versus 78.9% (P = 0.357). Pelvic and para-aortic recurrence rates were significantly higher in the CT group (pelvic: 29.2%; para-aortic: 20.2%) than in the CRT group (pelvic: 10.5%; para-aortic: 6.3%). The CRT group showed a higher rate of distant recurrence (CRT, 23.2% vs. CT, 14.6%) however, the 5-year cumulative incidence of distant recurrence was not significantly different between the two groups (CRT, 28% vs. CT, 35%).

Conclusions: This study highlights the potential benefits of adjuvant CRT in patients with stage III-IVA EC. The incorporation of molecular classification is necessary to derive optimal personalized adjuvant treatment strategies for this patient population.