Age-Related Increase in Type C Tympanogram

Abstract

Background: This study evaluated the relationship between aging and tympanometric changes, specifically the incidence of type C tympanograms, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: We analyzed data from the 2019-2022 KNHANES, including 26,738 ears from individuals aged 40 and older. Tympanometry at 226 Hz identified type C tympanograms based on peak pressure below -100 daPa. Multiple logistic regression evaluated the association between age and type C tympanograms, adjusting for confounders such as sex, smoking status, allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, and lifestyle disease markers. Results: The incidence of type C tympanograms increased significantly with age (R2 = 0.953, p < 0.001). Age was the most significant factor associated with type C tympanograms (p < 0.001, odds ratio 1.052), while other factors were not statistically significant. Ears with type C tympanograms had significantly poorer hearing thresholds compared to those with type A tympanograms (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Aging is significantly associated with an increased incidence of type C tympanograms, indicating possible middle ear dysfunction in older adults. The correlation between type C tympanograms and poorer hearing thresholds suggests that age-related changes in middle ear function may contribute to hearing impairment. Tympanometric screening in older adults may facilitate early detection and management of middle ear dysfunction, potentially improving hearing outcomes and quality of life.