Factors influencing the behavioral states of preterm infants: A scoping review

Abstract

The behavioral state of sleep provides essential rest, and is important for the growth and development of preterm infants. This review synthesizes the findings of previous studies on the factors influencing the behavioral states of preterm infants. The Joanna Briggs Institute's scoping review guidelines were followed, and five electronic databases were searched for data retrieval. A total of 804 studies were retrieved and independently selected by two researchers, of which 21 studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion, and 17 factors influencing preterm infants' behavioral states in NICU were identified. These factors were categorized into maternal and environmental factors. Environmental factors were further subdivided into four categories: tactile, auditory, olfactory, and multisensory stimuli. Nurses can use sensory stimuli to intervene in and promote the sleep state of preterm infants in NICU. Further research for clinical applications is necessary, incorporating modifications to sample selection, intervention duration, and evaluation time points.