Anatomical analysis of the intramuscular distribution patterns of the levator scapulae and the clinical implications for pain management

Abstract

PurposeThe present study aimed to demonstrate the intramuscular nerve distribution of the levator scapulae muscle that is responsible for pain and to use this anatomic data to propose possible injection sites.MethodsTwenty levator scapulae muscles were dissected from 16 Korean embalmed cadavers. The intramuscular nerve distribution of the levator scapulae muscle was identified by whole-mount nerve staining to preserve and stain the nerve fibers without damage.ResultsThe posterior ramus of spinal nerves C3, C4, and C5 innervated the levator scapulae muscles. When the origin and insertion of the muscle were set to 0% and 100%, respectively, most of the intramuscular nerve terminals were located between 30 and 70%. This area may correspond to the cricoid cartilage of the sixth cervical vertebra.ConclusionMost intramuscular nerve terminals can be found in the middle and distal portions of the levator scapulae muscle. Our findings improve our understanding of the intramuscular nerve distribution of the levator scapulae muscle and will aid in pain management in clinical practice.