Mechanical Properties of Additively Manufactured and Milled Interim 3-Unit Fixed Dental Prostheses

Abstract

Purpose To investigate the survival and mechanical properties of 3-unit interim fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) made with additive manufacturing (AM) technology compared to milled and conventional manual fabrication. Materials and methods Sixty 3-unit interim FDPs replacing the first left mandibular molar were divided in 6 groups (n = 10): manual (Man) (Protemp 4), milled (Mil) (Telio-CAD Multi), and 4 additive manufacturing (AM) groups were subdivided into 4 AM technology subgroups: direct light positioning (DLP) (Rapidshape P30 [RS]), and stereolitography (SLA) (Formlabs 2 [FL]) and the type of printed interim polymer (P Pro C&B [St] and SHERAprint-cb [Sh]) (RS-St, RS-Sh, FL-St, and FL-Sh). Survival and complications were assessed after thermomechanical aging. The surviving samples were tested for fracture resistance. Kaplan-Meier test followed by log-rank test to show differences between groups was used to calculate the survival and complication rates. For fracture strength, one-way ANOVA and Tukey-b post hoc test were used to compare groups. Descriptive statistics was used for failure modes and Pearson chi-square to compare groups (alpha = 0.05). Results Survival rates among groups varied from 100% (Man, Mil and FL-Sh), 70% (FL-St), 50% (RS-Sh), and 20% (RS-Sh) (p < 0.001), respectively. Additional events were observed in 50% to 80% in FL-St, RS-St, and RS-Sh groups (p < 0.001). Man, FL-St, and RS-S showed lower mean static load resistance (p < 0.001). Fracture through the connector between tooth 35 and the pontic was the most prevalent type of failure. Conclusion The manufacturing method, type of resin, and the printing mode had a significant influence on the mechanical properties of AM interim 3-unit FDPs.