Acute myeloid leukemia ; Therapeutics ; Drug therapy
Abstract
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a representative blood cancer, accounting for most adult leukemia cases in Korea. Until recently, intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were the only curative treatment options for AML. However, the recent introduction of new drugs is bringing about changes in the strategic paradigm for the treatment of AML.
Current Concepts: Along with the clinical eligibility for receiving intensive treatment and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the most critical determinants in treating AML are precise classification and risk stratification based on cytogenetic and molecular information. The recently revised World Health Organization classification, newly proposed International Consensus Classification, and the latest version of the European LeukemiaNet risk stratification reflect the importance of cytogenetic and molecular information. Although there have been no significant changes for a long time in the landscape of AML, especially in the field of treatment, the treatment paradigm has started to evolve with the introduction of new drugs. This evolution is led by FLT3 inhibitors, Bcl-2 inhibitors, isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibitors, target agents against CD33 antigens, and liposomal formulations of chemotherapeutics.