Biological reaction mediated engineered AuNPs facilitated delivery encore the anticancer, antiglycation, and antidiabetic potential of garcinol

Abstract

Objectives Diabetes mellitus (DM), cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are major contributors to human miseries and death. Additionally, previous findings stated that cancer is also known to be associated with diabetes. Therefore, in the given study, facile synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using glycation reaction was achieved and further, their bioconjugation with herbal drug garcinol (G) was performed (G-AuNPs) in order to enhance the antiglycative, antidiabetic and anticancer efficacy of the garcinol.

Methods The antiglycation and antidiabetic potential of garcinol bioconjugated AuNPs (G-AuNPs) were assessed through different experiments. Further, anticancer potential against adenocarcinoma cells were also assessed.

Results The study confirmed 78.6 % bioconjugation of G over the surface of AuNPs. Furthermore, the antiglycation study depicted that G-AuNPs are found to be more effective inhibitor of the glycation reaction in contrast to pure G. The findings represented that G-AuNPs significantly blocks the formation of early glycation adducts and AGEs, also they mask the glycation prone free arginine and lysine residues from participating in the glycation process. Additionally, our α-amylase inhibition assay results demonstrated that pure G (IC50 − 8.9 µM) has significantly higher α-amylase inhibition activity compared to standard inhibitor, acarbose (IC50 − 0.118 mM). Also, the anticancer study described that G and G-AuNPs treatment resulted in death of the cells via apoptosis, which resulted in elevated permeability, condensed chromatin, deep blue fluorescent, and condensed nucleus of A549 cells. Our findings also revealed that the potential of mitochondrial membrane (ΔΨm) of A549 cells were also disrupted at much lower concentration of G-AuNPs (13.3 µM) as compared to pure G (28.7 µM).

Conclusion The key findings of the investigation suggested that G-AuNPs acted as a potent antiglycation, antidiabetic, and anticancer agent.