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Temporal Correlation Between Kawasaki Disease and Infectious Diseases in South Korea

Authors
 Ji-Man Kang  ;  Jaehun Jung  ;  Young-Eun Kim  ;  Kyungmin Huh  ;  Jinwook Hong  ;  Dong Wook Kim  ;  Min Young Kim  ;  Se Yong Jung  ;  Jong-Hun Kim  ;  Jong Gyun Ahn 
Citation
 JAMA NETWORK OPEN, Vol.5(2) : e2147363, 2022-02 
Journal Title
JAMA NETWORK OPEN
Issue Date
2022-02
MeSH
Adolescent ; Adult ; COVID-19 / epidemiology* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Communicable Diseases / epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / epidemiology* ; Republic of Korea / epidemiology ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / epidemiology* ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
Abstract
Importance: Infections are proposed to be triggering factors for Kawasaki disease (KD), although its etiological factors remain unknown. Recent reports have indicated a 4- to 6-week lag between SARS-CoV-2 infection and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with a similar presentation to that of KD.

Objective: To investigate the temporal correlation between KD and viral infections, focusing on respiratory viruses.

Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study was conducted among individuals aged 0 to 19 years diagnosed with KD between January 2010 and September 2020 from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. Data on infectious disease outbreaks from 2016 to 2019 were collected from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Korean Influenza and Respiratory Virus Monitoring System, Korea Enteroviruses Surveillance System, and the Enteric Pathogens Active Surveillance Network in South Korea. Data were analyzed from December 2020 to October 2021.

Main outcomes and measures: National databases for infectious diseases were used for a time-series analysis of the correlation between viral infections and KD. The temporal correlation between infectious disease outbreaks and KD outbreaks was evaluated using the Granger causality test (G-test), which is a useful tool to estimate correlations between 2 time series of diseases based on time lags.

Results: Overall, 53 424 individuals with KD were identified, including 22 510 (42.1%) females and 30 914 (57.9%) males and 44 276 individuals (82.9%) younger than 5 years. Intravenous immunoglobulin-resistant KD was identified in 9042 individuals (16.9%), and coronary artery abnormalities were identified in 384 individuals (0.7%). Of 14 infectious diseases included in the analyses, rhinovirus infection outbreaks were identified as significantly correlated at 1 to 3 months before KD outbreaks in South Korea (r = 0.3; 1 month: P < .001; 2 months: P < .001; 3 months: P < .001). Outbreaks of respiratory syncytial virus infection were identified as significantly correlated with KD outbreaks by 2 months (r = 0.5; 2 months: P < .001). Additionally, varicella outbreaks were identified as significantly correlated at 2 and 3 months before KD outbreaks (r = 0.7; 2 months: P < .001; 3 months: P < .001).

Conclusions and relevance: In this cohort study with a time series analysis of children and youth in South Korea with KD, respiratory infections caused by rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus and varicella outbreaks were significantly correlated with KD at 1 to 3 months before KD outbreaks.
Files in This Item:
T202200351.pdf Download
DOI
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.47363
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Pediatrics (소아과학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Kang, Ji-Man(강지만) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0678-4964
Ahn, Jong Gyun(안종균) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5748-0015
Jung, Se Yong(정세용) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1337-563X
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/187964
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