청소년 편의점 식사 대체 빈도와 저체중과의 관련성

Abstract

Background and Purpose: It is a major health risk factor in adolescence because the prevalence of underweight adolescents in Korea is higher than in other developed countries, and underweight can cause growth disorders. In adolescents who are interested in appearance, increased unhealthy diet can cause underweight due to nutritional imbalance. Despite the increasing prevalence of underweight and meal replacement frequency in convenience store instead of balanced meal, there is a lack of research on the association between underweight and meal replacement frequency in convenience store in adolescents. As a result, the purpose of this study was to analyze the association between meal replacement frequency in convenience store and underweight in adolescents. Methods: This study analyzed 44,061 adolescents in 15th(2019) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Frequency analysis was performed to confirm the prevalence of underweight in total subjects. Differences in socio-demographic, health behavior factors and meal replacement frequency in convenience store, normal and underweight levels were analyzed using χ 2-test. The association between meal replacement frequency in convenience store and underweight in adolescents were analyzed through multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: As a result of this study, the prevalence of underweight adolescents was 8.80%, 9.36% for male, 8.25% for female. As a result of multiple logistic regression, there was no association between meal replacement frequency in convenience store and underweight in adolescents. The risk of underweight prevalence compared to normal weight group was 1.319 times (95% CI=1.220-1.426) significantly higher in female than male. The risk of underweight prevalence was 1.164 times(95% CI=1.068-1.269) significantly higher in ‘high’ group than ‘low’ group in subjective academic achievement. The risk of underweight prevalence was 3.384 times(95% CI=3.095-3.700) significantly higher in the group that effort to increase weight than a group that does not effort to control weight. The risk of underweight prevalence was 0.745 times(95% CI =0.625-0.889) significantly lower in current smoking group than none smoking group. The risk of underweight prevalence was 0.788 times(95% CI=0.721-0.862) significantly lower in past drinking group than none drinking group. The risk of underweight prevalence was 0.774 times(95% CI=0.683-0.877) significantly lower in current drinking group than none drinking group. The risk of underweight prevalence was 0.897 times(95% CI=0.822-0.977) significantly lower in ‘middle’ group than ‘low’ group in healthy diet. The risk of underweight prevalence was 0.897 times(95% CI=0.812-0.991) significantly lower in ‘high’ group than ‘low’ group in healthy diet. The risk of underweight prevalence was 0.876 times(95% CI=0.801-0.958) significantly lower in ‘middle’ group than ‘low’ group in unhealthy diet. The risk of underweight prevalence was 0.659 times(95% CI=0.606-0.717) significantly lower in ‘more than 3 times a week’ group than ‘less than 3 times a week’ group in physical activity. The risk of underweight prevalence was 0.172 times(95% CI=0.150-0.196) significantly lower in the group that effort to decrease weight than a group that do not effort to control weight. The risk of underweight prevalence was 0.322 times(95% CI=0.277-0.374) significantly lower in the group that effort to maintain weight than a group that do not effort to control weight. The risk of underweight prevalence was 0.885 times(95% CI=0.807-0.972) significantly lower in ‘middle’ group than ‘high’ group in sleep efficiency. The risk of underweight prevalence was 0.872 times(95% CI=0.796-0.955) significantly lower in ‘low’ group than ‘high’ group in sleep efficiency. Conclusion: As a result of multiple logistic regression, there was no association between meal replacement frequency in convenience store and underweight in adolescents. A prospective study that can compensate for the limitations of this study is required to systematically analyze the association of meal replacement frequency in convenience store and underweight.

배경 국내 청소년의 저체중 유병률은 다른 선진 국가에 비해 높으며, 저체중은 성장장애를 유발할 수 있기 때문에 청소년기의 주요한 건강위험요인이다. 외형적인 면에 관심이 많은 청소년기에는 불건강한 식생활의 증가로 영양불균형으로 인한 저체중을 유발할 수 있다. 청소년이 균형 잡힌 식사 대신 편의점에서 식사를 대체하는 빈도가 증가하는 추세임에도 불구하고 청소년 저체중과 편의점 식사 대체 빈도의 관련성에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구는 청소년을 대상으로 편의점 식사 대체 빈도와 저체중과의 관련성을 분석하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 방법 본 연구는 제15차(2019년) 청소년건강행태조사 자료를 활용하여 총 44,061명의 청소년을 대상으로 수행하였다. 전체 대상자의 저체중 유병률을 파악하기 위해 빈도분석을 수행하였다. 청소년 정상체중군 및 저체중군에서 인구사회학적 요인, 건강행태 요인의 차이 및 저체중군의 편의점 식사 대체 빈도의 차이는 χ2-test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 청소년 편의점 식사 대체 빈도와 저체중과의 관련성은 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 결과 본 연구 결과 청소년의 저체중 유병률은 8.80%였으며, 남학생은 9.36%, 여학생은 8.25%였다. 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 청소년 편의점 식사 대체 빈도와 저체중은 통계적으로 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 정상체중군 대비 저체중 유병 위험은 남학생에 비해 여학생에서 1.319배(95% CI=1.220-1.426), 주관적 학업성적 ‘상’에 비해 ‘하’에서 1.164배(95% CI=1.068-1.269), 체중조절 노력을 하지 않는 군에 비해 체중증가를 위해 노력하는 경우에 3.384배(95% CI=3.095-3.700) 유의하게 높았다. 비흡연에 비해 현재흡연군에서 0.745배(95% CI =0.625-0.889), 비음주에 비해 과거음주군에서 0.788배(95% CI=0.721-0.862), 현재음주군에서 0.774배(95% CI=0.683-0.877) 유의하게 낮았다. 건강한 식생활 수준 ‘하’에 비해 ‘중’에서 0.897배(95% CI=0.822-0.977), ‘상’에서 0.897배(95% CI=0.812-0.991) 유의하게 낮았다. 불건강한 식생활 수준이 ‘하’에 비해 ‘중’에서 0.876배(95% CI=0.801-0.958), 고강도 신체활동을 주 3회 미만 실천하는 군에 비해 주 3회 이상에서 0.659배(95% CI=0.606-0.717) 유의하게 낮았다. 체중조절 노력을 하지 않는 군에 비해 체중감소를 위해 노력하는 경우, 0.172배(95% CI=0.150-0.196), 체중유지를 위해 노력하는 경우, 0.322배(95% CI=0.277-0.374) 유의하게 낮았다. 수면충족 정도가 ‘상’인 경우에 비해 ‘중’에서 0.885배(95% CI=0.807-0.972), ‘하‘에서 0.872배(95% CI=0.796-0.955) 유의하게 낮았다. 결론 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 청소년 편의점 식사 대체 빈도와 저체중과의 관련성은 없었다. 본 연구의 제한점들을 보완할 수 있는 전향적 연구를 수행하여 편의점 식사 대체 빈도와 저체중과의 관련성을 체계적으로 분석하는 후속연구가 요구된다.