소규모 제조업 사업장의 산업안전보건 교육실시와 산업재해발생

Abstract

본 연구는 산업안전보건공단 제9차 산업안전보건실태조사 원시자료를 이용하여 산업재해 발생 요인과 안전보건교육 실시요인을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 대상은 산업안전보건공단에서 2018년 조사한 제9차 산업안전보건실태조사 자료 중 제조업의 상시근로자가 50-99인인 사업장 1,210개이다. 본 연구는 고령자 분포, 외국인 분포, 여성 근로자 분포, 노동조합 유무, 안전보건관리조직 유무, 안전관리자 선임 형태, 사업주 관심, 안전보건교육실시 여부, 고용노동부 정책인지에 따른 산업재해 발생 여부를 분석하였다. 또한 안전관리자 선임 형태, 노동조합 유무, 사업주 관심, 고용노동부 정책인지, 산업재해 발생에 따른 안전보건교육실시에 대하여 분석하였다. 산업재해는 고령자 분포가 높은 군, 외국인 분포가 높은 군, 여성 근로자 분포가 낮은 군, 사업주 관심이 높은 군, 안전보건교육실시가 낮은 군에서 발생이 높았다. 안전보건에 대한 사업주 관심이 높은 군에서 산업재해 발생이 높아 예상과 다른 결과를 보였는데, 이는 사업주 관심도 조사 시점이 산업재해 발생 이후였기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 안전보건교육은 안전관리자 선임 형태가 전담인 경우, 사업주 관심이 높은 군, 고용노동부 정책인지가 높은 군에서 실시가 높았다. 결론적으로 안전보건교육 실시가 높은 군에서 산업재해 발생이 낮았고, 안전보건교육은 안전관리자 전담자가 있는 사업장, 사업주 관심이 높은 사업장, 고용노동부의 정책을 잘 인지하는 사업장이 실시를 잘하였다. 따라서 소규모 제조업 사업장은 정책활동을 통해 안전보건교육 실시를 높일 수 있고, 높은 교육실시는 산업재해 예방에 도움이 될 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors of occupational accidents and safety and health education implementation factors using raw data of the 9th Occupational Safety and Health Survey by the Occupational Safety and Health Agency. The subject of this study is 1,210 workplaces with 50-99 full-time workers in the manufacturing industry among the data of the 9th Occupational Safety and Health Survey conducted in 2018 by the Occupational Safety and Health Agency. This study analyzed the occurrence of industrial accidents according to the distribution of the elderly, the distribution of foreigners, the distribution of female workers, the presence or absence of a labor union, the presence of a safety and health management organization, the type of safety manager appointment, the employer's interest, whether or not safety and health education was implemented, and whether or not the Ministry of Employment and Labor policy. In addition, the types of safety manager appointment, presence of labor union, employer interest, recognition of the Ministry of Employment and Labor policy, and safety and health education in accordance with the occurrence of industrial accidents were analyzed. The occurrence of occupational accidents was higher in the group with a high distribution of the elderly, a high distribution of foreigners, a low distribution of female workers, a high interest in employers, and a low safety and health education. It was expected that the incidence of industrial accidents would be low in the county where employers' interest in safety and health was high, but the opposite result was obtained. This is believed to be due to the fact that the survey on the interest of business owners was after the occurrence of an industrial accident. Safety and health education was highly conducted in the county where the employer's interest was high and the Ministry of Employment and Labor's policy awareness was high when the type of safety manager appointment was exclusive. In conclusion, the occurrence of occupational accidents was low in the county where safety and health education was high, and safety and health education was conducted well in workplaces with a dedicated safety manager, workplaces with high interest from employers, and workplaces that were well aware of the policies of the Ministry of Employment and Labor. Therefore, small-scale manufacturing workplaces can increase the implementation of safety and health education through policy activities, and high education will help prevent industrial accidents.