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Accuracy of Tau Positron Emission Tomography as a Prognostic Marker in Preclinical and Prodromal Alzheimer Disease: A Head-to-Head Comparison Against Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Authors
 Rik Ossenkoppele  ;  Ruben Smith  ;  Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren  ;  Colin Groot  ;  Antoine Leuzy  ;  Olof Strandberg  ;  Sebastian Palmqvist  ;  Tomas Olsson  ;  Jonas Jögi  ;  Erik Stormrud  ;  Hanna Cho  ;  Young Hoon Ryu  ;  Jae Yong Choi  ;  Adam L Boxer  ;  Maria L Gorno-Tempini  ;  Bruce L Miller  ;  David Soleimani-Meigooni  ;  Leonardo Iaccarino  ;  Renaud La Joie  ;  Suzanne Baker  ;  Edilio Borroni  ;  Gregory Klein  ;  Michael J Pontecorvo  ;  Michael D Devous Sr  ;  William J Jagust  ;  Chul Hyoung Lyoo  ;  Gil D Rabinovici  ;  Oskar Hansson 
Citation
 JAMA NEUROLOGY, Vol.78(8) : 961-971, 2021-08 
Journal Title
JAMA NEUROLOGY
ISSN
 2168-6149 
Issue Date
2021-08
Abstract
Importance: Tau positron emission tomography (PET) tracers have proven useful for the differential diagnosis of dementia, but their utility for predicting cognitive change is unclear.

Objective: To examine the prognostic accuracy of baseline fluorine 18 (18F)-flortaucipir and [18F]RO948 (tau) PET in individuals across the Alzheimer disease (AD) clinical spectrum and to perform a head-to-head comparison against established magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and amyloid PET markers.

Design, setting, and participants: This prognostic study collected data from 8 cohorts in South Korea, Sweden, and the US from June 1, 2014, to February 28, 2021, with a mean (SD) follow-up of 1.9 (0.8) years. A total of 1431 participants were recruited from memory clinics, clinical trials, or cohort studies; 673 were cognitively unimpaired (CU group; 253 [37.6%] positive for amyloid-β [Aβ]), 443 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI group; 271 [61.2%] positive for Aβ), and 315 had a clinical diagnosis of AD dementia (315 [100%] positive for Aβ).

Exposures: [18F]Flortaucipir PET in the discovery cohort (n = 1135) or [18F]RO948 PET in the replication cohort (n = 296), T1-weighted MRI (n = 1431), and amyloid PET (n = 1329) at baseline and repeated Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) evaluation.

Main outcomes and measures: Baseline [18F]flortaucipir/[18F]RO948 PET retention within a temporal region of interest, MRI-based AD-signature cortical thickness, and amyloid PET Centiloids were used to predict changes in MMSE using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for age, sex, education, and cohort. Mediation/interaction analyses tested whether associations between baseline tau PET and cognitive change were mediated by baseline MRI measures and whether age, sex, and APOE genotype modified these associations.

Results: Among 1431 participants, the mean (SD) age was 71.2 (8.8) years; 751 (52.5%) were male. Findings for [18F]flortaucipir PET predicted longitudinal changes in MMSE, and effect sizes were stronger than for AD-signature cortical thickness and amyloid PET across all participants (R2, 0.35 [tau PET] vs 0.24 [MRI] vs 0.17 [amyloid PET]; P < .001, bootstrapped for difference) in the Aβ-positive MCI group (R2, 0.25 [tau PET] vs 0.15 [MRI] vs 0.07 [amyloid PET]; P < .001, bootstrapped for difference) and in the Aβ-positive CU group (R2, 0.16 [tau PET] vs 0.08 [MRI] vs 0.08 [amyloid PET]; P < .001, bootstrapped for difference). These findings were replicated in the [18F]RO948 PET cohort. MRI mediated the association between [18F]flortaucipir PET and MMSE in the groups with AD dementia (33.4% [95% CI, 15.5%-60.0%] of the total effect) and Aβ-positive MCI (13.6% [95% CI, 0.0%-28.0%] of the total effect), but not the Aβ-positive CU group (3.7% [95% CI, -17.5% to 39.0%]; P = .71). Age (t = -2.28; P = .02), but not sex (t = 0.92; P = .36) or APOE genotype (t = 1.06; P = .29) modified the association between baseline [18F]flortaucipir PET and cognitive change, such that older individuals showed faster cognitive decline at similar tau PET levels.

Conclusions and relevance: The findings of this prognostic study suggest that tau PET is a promising tool for predicting cognitive change that is superior to amyloid PET and MRI and may support the prognostic process in preclinical and prodromal stages of AD.
Full Text
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8240013/
DOI
10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.1858
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Neurology (신경과학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Nuclear Medicine (핵의학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Lyoo, Chul Hyoung(류철형) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-672X
Ryu, Young Hoon(유영훈) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9000-5563
Cho, Hanna(조한나) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5936-1546
Choi, Jae Yong(최재용)
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/184830
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