The authors present a case of HIV-associated dementia with the review of literature. This 62-
year-old male suffered from relatively rapid progressing cognitive decline(such as memory im pairment,
language deviation, and executive function loss), behavioral changes(such as lack of in terest,
silly smile, and social withdrawal), and leg weakness. In physical examination, weight loss,
palpable lymph node on neck, scabbing of Herpes Zoster were revealed, and also in neurologic
examination, hyperreflexia and grasp reflex were found. On mental status examination, he showed
delayed response, dysnomia, non-fluency, perseveration, disorientation, impairments of attention
and concentration, short-term and long-term memory, and abstract thinking. HIV antibody
was confirmed by ELISA and finally Western-blot. Brain M R images demonstrate cortical
atrophy, secondary ventricular dilatation, and multifocal high signal intensity. On brain
SPECT, asymmetric hypoperfusion at right frontal and temporal lobe was noted. These findings
were compatible with HIV-associated dementia.