Emergency short-stay wards and boarding time in emergency departments: A propensity-score matching study

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to validate the effectiveness of an emergency short-stay ward (ESSW) and its impact on clinical outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was performed at an urban tertiary hospital. An ESSW has been operating in this hospital since September 2017 to reduce emergency department (ED) boarding time and only targets patients indicated for admission to the general ward from the ED. Propensity-score matching was performed for comparison with the control group. The primary outcome was ED boarding time, and the secondary outcomes were subsequent intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 30-day in-hospital mortality.

Results: A total of 7461 patients were enrolled in the study; of them, 1523 patients (20.4%) were admitted to the ESSW. After propensity-score matching, there was no significant difference in the ED boarding time between the ESSW group and the control group (P = 0.237). Subsequent ICU admission was significantly less common in the ESSW group than in the control group (P < 0.001). However, the 30-day in-hospital mortality rate did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.292). When the overall hospital bed occupancy ranged from 90% to 95%, the proportion of hospitalization was the highest in the ESSW group (29%). An interaction effect test using a general linear model confirmed that the ESSW served as an effect modifier with respect to bed occupancy and boarding time (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: An ESSW can alleviate prolonged boarding time observed with hospital bed saturation. Moreover, the ESSW is associated with a low rate of subsequent ICU admission.