The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

Richard Charles Franklin; Amy E Peden; Erin B Hamilton; Catherine Bisignano; Chris D Castle; Zachary V Dingels; Simon I Hay; Zichen Liu; Ali H Mokdad; Nicholas L S Roberts; Dillon O Sylte; Theo Vos; Gdiom Gebreheat Abady; Akine Eshete Abosetugn; Rushdia Ahmed; Fares Alahdab; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Carl Abelardo T Antonio; Jalal Arabloo; Aseb Arba Kinfe Arba; Ashish D Badiye; Shankar M Bakkannavar; Maciej Banach; Palash Chandra Banik; Amrit Banstola; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Akbar Barzegar; Mohsen Bayati; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Soumyadeep Bhaumik; Zulfiqar A Bhutta; Ali Bijani; Archith Boloor; Félix Carvalho; Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury; Dinh-Toi Chu; Samantha M Colquhoun; Henok Dagne; Baye Dagnew; Lalit Dandona; Rakhi Dandona; Ahmad Daryani; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne; Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani; Hoa Thi Do; Tim Robert Driscoll; Arielle Wilder Eagan; Ziad El-Khatib; Eduarda Fernandes; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Berhe Gebremichael; Gaurav Gupta; Juanita A Haagsma; Shoaib Hassan; Delia Hendrie; Chi Linh Hoang; Michael K Hole; Ramesh Holla; Sorin Hostiuc; Mowafa Househ; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani; M Mofizul Islam; Rebecca Q Ivers; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke; Farahnaz Joukar; Rohollah Kalhor; Tanuj Kanchan; Neeti Kapoor; Amir Kasaeian; Maseer Khan; Ejaz Ahmad Khan; Jagdish Khubchandani; Kewal Krishan; G Anil Kumar; Paolo Lauriola; Alan D Lopez; Mohammed Madadin; Marek Majdan; Venkatesh Maled; Navid Manafi; Ali Manafi; Martin McKee; Hagazi Gebre Meles; Ritesh G Menezes; Tuomo J Meretoja; Ted R Miller; Prasanna Mithra; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani; Reza Mohammadpourhodki; Farnam Mohebi; Mariam Molokhia; Ghulam Mustafa; Ionut Negoi; Cuong Tat Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Andrew T Olagunju; Tinuke O Olagunju; Jagadish Rao Padubidri; Keyvan Pakshir; Ashish Pathak; Suzanne Polinder; Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi; Navid Rabiee; Amir Radfar; Saleem Muhammad Rana; Jennifer Rickard; Saeed Safari; Payman Salamati; Abdallah M Samy; Abdur Razzaque Sarker; David C Schwebel; Subramanian Senthilkumaran; Faramarz Shaahmadi; Masood Ali Shaikh; Jae Il Shin; Pankaj Kumar Singh; Amin Soheili; Mark A Stokes; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria; Ingan Ukur Tarigan; Mohamad-Hani Temsah; Berhe Etsay Tesfay; Pascual R Valdez; Yousef Veisani; Pengpeng Ye; Naohiro Yonemoto; Chuanhua Yu; Hasan Yusefzadeh; Sojib Bin Zaman; Zhi-Jiang Zhang; Spencer L James

doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043484

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The burden of unintentional drowning: global, regional and national estimates of mortality from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study

Authors: Richard Charles Franklin ; Amy E Peden ; Erin B Hamilton ; Catherine Bisignano ; Chris D Castle ; Zachary V Dingels ; Simon I Hay ; Zichen Liu ; Ali H Mokdad ; Nicholas L S Roberts ; Dillon O Sylte ; Theo Vos ; Gdiom Gebreheat Abady ; Akine Eshete Abosetugn ; Rushdia Ahmed ; Fares Alahdab ; Catalina Liliana Andrei ; Carl Abelardo T Antonio ; Jalal Arabloo ; Aseb Arba Kinfe Arba ; Ashish D Badiye ; Shankar M Bakkannavar ; Maciej Banach ; Palash Chandra Banik ; Amrit Banstola ; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo ; Akbar Barzegar ; Mohsen Bayati ; Pankaj Bhardwaj ; Soumyadeep Bhaumik ; Zulfiqar A Bhutta ; Ali Bijani ; Archith Boloor ; Félix Carvalho ; Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury ; Dinh-Toi Chu ; Samantha M Colquhoun ; Henok Dagne ; Baye Dagnew ; Lalit Dandona ; Rakhi Dandona ; Ahmad Daryani ; Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne ; Zahra Sadat Dibaji Forooshani ; Hoa Thi Do ; Tim Robert Driscoll ; Arielle Wilder Eagan ; Ziad El-Khatib ; Eduarda Fernandes ; Irina Filip ; Florian Fischer ; Berhe Gebremichael ; Gaurav Gupta ; Juanita A Haagsma ; Shoaib Hassan ; Delia Hendrie ; Chi Linh Hoang ; Michael K Hole ; Ramesh Holla ; Sorin Hostiuc ; Mowafa Househ ; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi ; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj ; Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani ; M Mofizul Islam ; Rebecca Q Ivers ; Achala Upendra Jayatilleke ; Farahnaz Joukar ; Rohollah Kalhor ; Tanuj Kanchan ; Neeti Kapoor ; Amir Kasaeian ; Maseer Khan ; Ejaz Ahmad Khan ; Jagdish Khubchandani ; Kewal Krishan ; G Anil Kumar ; Paolo Lauriola ; Alan D Lopez ; Mohammed Madadin ; Marek Majdan ; Venkatesh Maled ; Navid Manafi ; Ali Manafi ; Martin McKee ; Hagazi Gebre Meles ; Ritesh G Menezes ; Tuomo J Meretoja ; Ted R Miller ; Prasanna Mithra ; Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani ; Reza Mohammadpourhodki ; Farnam Mohebi ; Mariam Molokhia ; Ghulam Mustafa ; Ionut Negoi ; Cuong Tat Nguyen ; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen ; Andrew T Olagunju ; Tinuke O Olagunju ; Jagadish Rao Padubidri ; Keyvan Pakshir ; Ashish Pathak ; Suzanne Polinder ; Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi ; Navid Rabiee ; Amir Radfar ; Saleem Muhammad Rana ; Jennifer Rickard ; Saeed Safari ; Payman Salamati ; Abdallah M Samy ; Abdur Razzaque Sarker ; David C Schwebel ; Subramanian Senthilkumaran ; Faramarz Shaahmadi ; Masood Ali Shaikh ; Jae Il Shin ; Pankaj Kumar Singh ; Amin Soheili ; Mark A Stokes ; Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria ; Ingan Ukur Tarigan ; Mohamad-Hani Temsah ; Berhe Etsay Tesfay ; Pascual R Valdez ; Yousef Veisani ; Pengpeng Ye ; Naohiro Yonemoto ; Chuanhua Yu ; Hasan Yusefzadeh ; Sojib Bin Zaman ; Zhi-Jiang Zhang ; Spencer L James

Citation: INJURY PREVENTION, Vol.26(Supp 1) : i83-i95, 2020-10

Journal Title: INJURY PREVENTION

ISSN: 1353-8047

Issue Date: 2020-10

Keywords: burden of disease ; drowning ; global

Abstract: Background: Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017.

Methods: Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning.

Results: Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes.

Conclusions: There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries.