Reciprocal negative regulation between the tumor suppressor protein p53 and B cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (BCL6) via control of caspase-1 expression

Abstract

Even in the face of physiological DNA damage or expression of the tumor suppressor protein p53, B cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (BCL6) increases proliferation and antagonizes apoptotic responses in B cells. BCL6 represses TP53 transcription and also appears to inactivate p53 at the protein level, and additional findings have suggested negative mutual regulation between BCL6 and p53. Here, using Bcl6 -/- knockout mice, HEK293A and HCT116 p53 -/- cells, and site-directed mutagenesis, we found that BCL6 interacts with p53 and thereby inhibits acetylation of Lys-132 in p53 by E1A-binding protein p300 (p300), a modification that normally occurs upon DNA damage-induced cellular stress and whose abrogation by BCL6 diminished transcriptional activation of p53 target genes, including that encoding caspase-1. Conversely, we also found that BCL6 protein is degraded via p53-induced, caspase-mediated proteolytic cleavage, and the formation of a BCL6-p53-caspase-1 complex. Our results suggest that p53 may block oncogenic transformation by decreasing BCL6 stability via caspase-1 up-regulation, whereas aberrant BCL6 expression inactivates transactivation of p53 target genes, either by inhibiting p53 acetylation by p300 or repressing TP53 gene transcription. These findings have implications for B cell development and lymphomagenesis.