Crystallization ; Elastic Modulus ; Electric Power Supplies* ; Energy Transfer ; Equipment Design ; Equipment Failure Analysis ; Lead/chemistry* ; Materials Testing ; Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems/instrumentation* ; Niobium/chemistry* ; Oxides/chemistry* ; Pacemaker, Artificial* ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Titanium/chemistry*
Keywords
flexible piezoelectric energy harvester ; self-powered artificial cardiac pacemaker ; single crystal PMN-PT ; thin film nanogenerator
Abstract
A flexible single-crystalline PMN-PT piezoelectric energy harvester is demonstrated to achieve a self-powered artificial cardiac pacemaker. The energy-harvesting device generates a short-circuit current of 0.223 mA and an open-circuit voltage of 8.2 V, which are enough not only to meet the standard for charging commercial batteries but also for stimulating the heart without an external power source.