Visual attention during the evaluation of facial attractiveness is influenced by facial angles and smile

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the changes in visual attention influenced by facial angles and smile during the evaluation of facial attractiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three young adults were asked to rate the overall facial attractiveness (task 1 and 3) or to select the most attractive face (task 2) by looking at multiple panel stimuli consisting of 0 degrees , 15 degrees , 30 degrees , 45 degrees , 60 degrees , and 90 degrees rotated facial photos with or without a smile for three model face photos and a self-photo (self-face). Eye gaze and fixation time (FT) were monitored by the eye-tracking device during the performance. Participants were asked to fill out a subjective questionnaire asking, "Which face was primarily looked at when evaluating facial attractiveness?" RESULTS: When rating the overall facial attractiveness (task 1) for model faces, FT was highest for the 0 degrees face and lowest for the 90 degrees face regardless of the smile ( P < .01). However, when the most attractive face was to be selected (task 2), the FT of the 0 degrees face decreased, while it significantly increased for the 45 degrees face ( P < .001). When facial attractiveness was evaluated with the simplified panels combined with facial angles and smile (task 3), the FT of the 0 degrees smiling face was the highest ( P < .01). While most participants reported that they looked mainly at the 0 degrees smiling face when rating facial attractiveness, visual attention was broadly distributed within facial angles. CONCLUSIONS: Laterally rotated faces and presence of a smile highly influence visual attention during the evaluation of facial esthetics.