Patients with non-ambulatory cerebral palsy have higher sclerostin levels and lower bone mineral density than patients with ambulatory cerebral palsy

Abstract

Bone loss is a serious clinical issue in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Sclerostin has garnered interest as a key mechanosensor in osteocytes, leading to considerations of the therapeutic utilization of anti-sclerostin medications. This study was undertaken to determine associations among mechanical unloading, sclerostin levels, and bone imbalance in patients with CP. A total of 28 patients with CP participated in this cross-sectional study. The following measurements were taken: anthropometrics, clinical diagnosis of CP subtype and ambulatory status, bone mineral density (BMD) z-scores at the lumbar spine and hip, and blood biochemical markers, including sclerostin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, creatinine, calcium, and phosphorus. In analysis according to CP subtype, patients with spastic CP showed significantly lower BMD z-scores at the lumbar spine and femur neck regions than patients with dyskinetic CP. In analysis according to ambulatory status, patients with non-ambulatory CP showed significantly lower BMD z-scores at all lumbar spine and femoral sites, lower PTH and creatinine levels, and higher plasma sclerostin levels than patients with ambulatory CP. In regression analysis, ambulatory status was a significant determinant of plasma sclerostin levels. This study is the first to report on sclerostin levels and BMD in patients with CP, based on the hypothesis that patients who lack sufficient weight-bearing activities would show increased sclerostin levels and decreased BMD scores, compared with patients who sustain relatively sufficient physical activity. Therefore, this report may provide clinical insights for clinicians considering ambulatory status, sclerostin levels, and bone loss in patients with CP.