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Association of Kidney Disease Measures with Cause-Specific Mortality: The Korean Heart Study

Authors
 Yejin Mok  ;  Kunihiro Matsushita  ;  Yingying Sang  ;  Shoshana H. Ballew  ;  Morgan Grams  ;  Sang Yop Shin  ;  Sun Ha Jee  ;  Josef Coresh 
Citation
 PLOS ONE, Vol.11(4) : e0153429, 2016 
Journal Title
PLOS ONE
Issue Date
2016
MeSH
Adult ; Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality ; Cause of Death* ; Creatinine/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus/mortality ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/mortality ; Korea ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Neoplasms/mortality ; Proteinuria/metabolism ; Proteinuria/mortality ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/mortality* ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The link of low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and high proteinuria to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is well known. However, its link to mortality due to other causes is less clear.

METHODS: We studied 367,932 adults (20-93 years old) in the Korean Heart Study (baseline between 1996-2004 and follow-up until 2011) and assessed the associations of creatinine-based eGFR and dipstick proteinuria with mortality due to CVD (1,608 cases), cancer (4,035 cases), and other (non-CVD/non-cancer) causes (3,152 cases) after adjusting for potential confounders.

RESULTS: Although cancer was overall the most common cause of mortality, in participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD), non-CVD/non-cancer mortality accounted for approximately half of cause of death (47.0%for eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and 54.3% for proteinuria ≥1+). Lower eGFR (<60 vs. ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2) was significantly associated with mortality due to CVD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.49 [95% CI, 1.24-1.78]) and non-CVD/non-cancer causes (1.78 [1.54-2.05]). The risk of cancer mortality only reached significance at eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 when eGFR 45-59 ml/min/1.73 m2 was set as a reference (1.62 [1.10-2.39]). High proteinuria (dipstick ≥1+ vs. negative/trace) was consistently associated with mortality due to CVD (1.93 [1.66-2.25]), cancer (1.49 [1.32-1.68]), and other causes (2.19 [1.96-2.45]). Examining finer mortality causes, low eGFR and high proteinuria were commonly associated with mortality due to coronary heart disease, any infectious disease, diabetes, and renal failure. In addition, proteinuria was also related to death from stroke, cancers of stomach, liver, pancreas, and lung, myeloma, pneumonia, and viral hepatitis.

CONCLUSION: Low eGFR was associated with CVD and non-CVD/non-cancer mortality, whereas higher proteinuria was consistently related to mortality due to CVD, cancer, and other causes. These findings suggest the need for multidisciplinary prevention and management strategies in individuals with CKD, particularly when proteinuria is present.
Files in This Item:
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DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0153429
Appears in Collections:
4. Graduate School of Public Health (보건대학원) > Graduate School of Public Health (보건대학원) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Jee, Sun Ha(지선하) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9519-3068
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/152851
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