Ideal clipping methods for unruptured middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms based on aneurysmal neck classification

Abstract

Endovascular coiling is widely used for many cerebral aneurysms; however, in cases of middle cerebral artery bifurcation (MCBIF) aneurysms, it is associated with a higher incidence of unfavorable outcomes compared to microsurgical clippings. In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the outcomes of microsurgical clipping for unruptured MCBIF aneurysms and determine the ideal clipping methods for different aneurysm subtypes. From January 2011 to December 2013, 203 aneurysms with saccular shape (<25 mm) were treated by an experienced neurosurgeon. Depending on the involvement of the aneurysmal thin wall, the aneurysm neck was classified as follows: subtype I, limited bifurcation; subtype II, progressed to M1 trunk; subtype III, progressed to M2 trunk; subtype IV, progressed to M1 and one M2 trunk; and subtype V, progressed to M1 and two M2 trunks. The clipping methods included simple, sliding, interlocking, or mixed approaches. Aneurysm clippings were accomplished without any morbidity in all cases, and seven cases had a minimal neck remnant. The following clipping methods were predominantly used: subtype I, simple (90.2%) and sliding (8.8%) (mean = 1.2 clips); subtype II, interlocking (51.4%), sliding (30.0%), mixed (15.7%), and simple (2.9%) (2.4 clips); subtype III, simple (57.5%) and sliding (42.5%) (1.5 clips); subtype IV, interlocking (64.3%) (2.1 clips), simple (10.7%), sliding (14.3%), and mixed (10.7%); and subtype V, interlocking (50.0%), sliding (35.7%), and mixed (14.3%) methods with multiple clips (2.8 clips). If an appropriate clipping method is selected according to the neck classification, satisfactory surgical obliteration can be achieved for unruptured MCBIF aneurysms without morbidity.