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A central threadless shaft screw is better than a fully threaded variable pitch screw for unstable scaphoid nonunion: a biomechanical study

Authors
 Il-Hyun Koh  ;  Ho-Jung Kang  ;  Ji-Sup Kim  ;  Seong-Jin Park  ;  Yun-Rak Choi 
Citation
 INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED, Vol.46(4) : 638-642, 2015 
Journal Title
INJURY-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE CARE OF THE INJURED
ISSN
 0020-1383 
Issue Date
2015
MeSH
Aged ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Screws* ; Cadaver ; Compressive Strength ; Equipment Design ; Fracture Fixation, Internal* ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Malunited/surgery* ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; Scaphoid Bone/surgery* ; Tensile Strength
Keywords
Biomechanical study ; Headless compression screw ; Scaphoid nonunion
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: An interpositional wedge bone graft is a procedure performed to restore carpal height and scaphoid length for displaced scaphoid nonunions with carpal instability. The purpose of this study was to investigate which headless screw design (threadless central shaft screw or fully threaded variable pitch compression screw) is biomechanically preferred when an interpositional bone graft is needed.

METHODS: A total of 24 cadaveric scaphoid interpositional bone grafts were divided into three groups and fixed with HCS 3.0, Herbert-Whipple or Acutrak mini-screws, and the relative biochemical stability of each was measured. The specimens were tested using an Instron tensile testing machine to calculate stiffness and load to failure. To measure compression forces at different interfragmentary gaps, 30 interpositional polyurethane bone graft models were generated with three pieces of cancellous sawbone block, and two custom-made load-cells were inserted in each gap. The models were then divided into three groups and fixed with the above screw types. The compression forces at different interfragmentary gaps were measured immediately and 30 min after screw fixation.

RESULTS: The average stiffness and load to failure were similar among the three groups (p>0.05). The average compression force measured at each interfragmentary gap was highest in the HCS 3.0 fixation group, followed by the Herbert-Whipple and Acutrak mini-screw fixation groups both immediately after screw fixation and after 30 min (at which time there were significant decreases in force). The compression forces measured at different interfragmentary gaps were almost identical in the HCS 3.0 and Herbert-Whipple screw fixation groups; however, the force measured at the leading side was significantly lower than that measured at the trailing side in the Acutrak mini-screw fixation group.

CONCLUSION: The threadless central shaft screw design is biomechanically preferred over the fully threaded variable pitch screw design because it achieves higher and identical compression forces at different interfragmentary gaps with similar stiffness and load to failure.
Full Text
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020138315000224
DOI
10.1016/j.injury.2015.01.018
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery (정형외과학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Kang, Ho Jung(강호정) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0273-1264
Koh, Il Hyun(고일현) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-8516
Kim, Ji Sup(김지섭)
Choi, Yun Rak(최윤락)
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/139652
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