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Long-term prognosis of patients with Lennox--Gastaut syndrome in recent decades

Authors
 Hyo Jeong Kim  ;  Heung Dong Kim  ;  Joon Soo Lee  ;  Kyoung Heo  ;  Dong-Seok Kim  ;  Hoon-Chul Kang 
Citation
 EPILEPSY RESEARCH, Vol.110 : 10-19, 2015 
Journal Title
EPILEPSY RESEARCH
ISSN
 0920-1211 
Issue Date
2015
MeSH
Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain/physiopathology ; Disease-Free Survival ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability/epidemiology ; Intellectual Disability/physiopathology ; Lennox Gastaut Syndrome/epidemiology* ; Lennox Gastaut Syndrome/physiopathology ; Lennox Gastaut Syndrome/psychology ; Lennox Gastaut Syndrome/therapy* ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures/epidemiology ; Seizures/physiopathology ; Seizures/therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult
Keywords
Epilepsy surgery ; Ketogenic diet ; Lennox–Gastaut syndrome ; Prognosis
Abstract
PURPOSE: We investigated long term prognosis of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) with active application of recent advanced treatment modalities such as ketogenic diet (KD) or epilepsy surgery (ES).

METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 68 patients with LGS, aged 18-35 years. We assessed seizure outcomes for a range of therapeutic modalities. Evolution of seizure types, EEG characteristics, cognition, ambulation, social outcomes and other clinical data were also evaluated.

RESULTS: For a mean follow-up duration of 19.3 years (range 8.3-32.5 years), finally sixteen patients (23.5%) were seizure-free. Of the 68 patients, 26 (38.2%) were treated solely with AEDs and six became seizure-free. The KD was administered to 19 patients, five patients maintained a seizure free state during the KD but only one patient was able to maintain a seizure free state by continuing on a modified Atkins diet. Focal resective surgery was performed in 15 patients, ten out of the 15 patients had Engel class I outcomes, but only three patients maintained seizure freedom to adults. CC was performed in 17 patients, and VNS was performed in 14 patients. These palliative procedures were also effective but had limitations to obtain and maintain seizure freedom to adults. Characteristic EEG features of diffuse slow spike-wave and generalized paroxysmal fast activity ceased in half of the patients. In cognitive terms, 94.7% of patients exhibited moderate to profound mental retardation. Only 39.7% of patients had intact independent daily living skills, and 25.4% could not walk, even with support.

CONCLUSIONS: KD and epilepsy surgery were effective for seizure control, but they did not necessarily lead to the maintenance of a seizure-free state. LGS remains a form of intractable epilepsy despite the application of recent advanced treatment modalities.
Full Text
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920121114003180
DOI
10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.11.004
Appears in Collections:
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Neurology (신경과학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Neurosurgery (신경외과학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Dept. of Pediatrics (소아과학교실) > 1. Journal Papers
Yonsei Authors
Kang, Hoon Chul(강훈철) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3659-8847
Kim, Dong Seok(김동석)
Kim, Hyo Jeong(김효정)
Kim, Heung Dong(김흥동) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8031-7336
Lee, Joon Soo(이준수) ORCID logo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9036-9343
Heo, Kyoung(허경)
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/139327
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