초등학생의 안전의식 및 실천정도와 안전사고 발생 실태

Abstract

[한글]

본 연구는 초등학생을 대상으로 안전의식 및 안전실천 정도와 안전사고 발생 실태를 파악하였으며, 이를 통하여 초등학생들의 안전사고와 위험에 대처하는 안전의식 배양과 안전실천을 향상시키기 위한 안전교육의 기초자료를 얻고자 실시되었다. 연구의 대상은 서울시 지역교육청 소속 초등학교 4개교의 5․6학년 총 763명의 학생을 임의 표집하여 2003년 3월 25일에서 4월 10일까지 자료 수집을 하였고，735부가 회수되어 회수율 96.3% 중 684부를 본 연구의 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS를 이용하여 분석하였으며, 연구결과는 다음과 같다.

첫째, 연구대상자의 안전의식 총 점수는 최고 164점 중 평균 139.06으로 비교적 안전의식이 높았고, 가장 높은 의식정도를 보인 영역은 기타 및 가정안전 분야이었다. 안전의식 수준은 여학생과 5학년이, 다세대 및 연립주택 형태에서, 학교생활은 적극적이고, 인지된 학업수준이 높을수록, 안전교육의 필요성을 인식할수록, 부모가 안전교육을 자주 실시할수록 안전의식 수준이 높았다.

둘째, 연구대상자의 안전실천 정도의 평균점수는 최고 80점 중 56.01로 보통수준이었다. 부모의 학력이 높을수록, 독자가, 소극적인 성격성향에서, 학교생활은 적극적이고, 인지된 학업수준이 높을수록, 안전교육 필요성을 인식할수록, 부모가 안전교육을 자주 실시할수록 안전실천 정도가 높았다.

셋째, 연구대상자 중 지난 1년 동안 53.4%가 사고를 경험하였고, 사고 횟수는 1회가 가장 많았으며, 사고 영역 중 놀이 및 여가 중의 사고와 기타 및 가정사고가 가장 많았다. 사고발생 실태는 남학생이, 친구가 많을수록, 인지된 학업수준이 낮을수록 사고발생이 높았다. 안전사고 발생 실태에 영향을 미치는 위험요인은 성별，친구관계，인지된 학업수준，교통안전 의식이었다.

넷째，연구대상자의 안전의식 정도가 높을수록 안전실천 정도도 높았고，교통안전 의식이 낮은 경우에 사고발생이 높았다. 통계적 유의성은 없었으나，안전실천 정도가 낮은 그룹이 사고 발생이 높은 경향을 보였다.

따라서 본 연구 결과들로 볼 때，안전사고 예방을 위해서는 학생들의 안전한 행동의 습관화와 태도형성이 필요하고, 이를 위해서는 안전의식 함양과 안전실천의 생활화가 선행되어야 함을 알 수 있다.

교육현장에서는 학생들의 특성을 고려한 학교안전 보건교육이 정규교육시간에 반영되어 체계적으로 실시되도록 해야 한다. 특히 보건교사 및 담임교사는 보건교육시간과 재량시간을 효과적으로 활용하여 학생들이 스스로 각종 사고를 예방할 수 있도록 안전실천의 습관화에 중점을 둔 안전교육을 지속적으로 실시해야 하겠다.

또한 학생 및 학부모를 대상으로 한 다양한 안전교육 방법과 효과적인 교육프로그램이 개발되어 가정，학교，지역사회가 연계성을 지닌 안전사고 예방교육이 실질적으로 이루어져야 하겠다

[영문]

The purpose of this study was to measure safety-awareness among elementary students, identify their safety-practices and actual status of accidents. The study was also done to acquire basic information on safety education to help students be more aware of safety, and more active in accident-prevention activities. A random sample was taken of 763 5th and 6th grade students in 4 different elementary schools in Seoul. The survey was done between March 25th and April 10th with 96.3% of the students replying. Of the 735 questionnaires collected, 684 were complete and were used in the analysis. SPSS was used to analyze the questionnaires. The results are summarized as follows.

First, the overall safety-awareness score was relatively high at 139.06 of a maximum of 164. and respondents were most conscious of the section on Home Safety. Awareness was higher in girls, 5th graders, those who lived in apartments, students who participated in class activities, those who showed better leaning proficiency, those who felt the necessity of safety education, and those who received frequent safety education from their parents.

Second, the safety-practices of the respondents was at the middle level with a mean score of 56.01 of a maximum of 80. The level of safety-practice was higher in students whose parents had higher education, students who were only children, introverted students, students who participated in class activities, those who showed recognizably better leaning proficiency, those who felt the necessity of safety education, and those who received frequent safety education from their parents. The factors affecting the safety-practice of the respondents were education of their parents, number of siblings, respondent''s characteristics, adaptiveness to school life, recognized learning proficiency, awareness of need for safety education, and level of safety-education conducted by parents.

Third, 53.4% of the respondents had experienced one or more accidents during the past year. Most of the accidents occurred during play and recreation and Home accidents were the most frequently reported accidents. accidents was higher in boys than girls, those who have more friends, those who showed recognizably lower leaning proficiency. The risk factors related to the occurrence of accidents were gender, relationship with friends, recognized learning proficiency, and awareness of traffic safety.

Forth, higher safety-awareness was found to be directly related to higher safety-practices. Respondents with lower safety-awareness reported higher rate of accidents. With regard to safety-practice, the relationship was not statistically significant even though respondents with lower safety-practices reported more accidents.

In view of the results so far achieved, habituation and formation of safety-oriented actions among students are highly required to prevent accidents. In order to do that, development of safety-awareness and in-life enforcement of safety-practice need to come first. In schools, customized school safety training programs should be included in the regular curriculum and be enforced consistently and systematically.

Especially nursing teachers and class teachers should be able to fully utilize the allotted time to carry out the safety programs focused upon habituation of safety-practice, in an effort to make the students themselves lower the chances of accidents.

Additionally, a variety of safety methods and other effective programs targeted to students and parents should be developed and enforced to ensure practical implementation of the programs in which families, schools, and local community can actively cooperate and participate.