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The potential roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in cytomegalovirus-infected atherosclerotic aorta and coronary artery

Authors
 엄용빈 
Issue Date
2003
Description
Dept. of Biomedical Laboratory Science/박사
Abstract
[한글]

동맥경화증의 병인론 중 고지혈증, 고혈압, 당뇨, 비만, 흡연, 고령, 남성, 가족력, 유전자변이 등은 위험인자로 이미 잘 알려져 있다. 그러나, 최근 감염체와 만성 염증이 동맥경화증의 중요한 원인으로 제시되고 있고, 이 중 특히, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Chlamydia pneumoniae, 그리고 Helicobacter pylori 등이 유력한 원인체로 보고되고 있다.본 연구는 CMV에 의한 혈관내 감염이 만성 염증성 반응을 유도하고, 활성화된 염증세포들이 염증 매개물질인 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)와 matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)등을 발현하여 동맥경화증을 유발하는지를 알아 보고자 하였다. 먼저 in situ hybridization 과 polymerase chain reaction 방법으로 동맥경화증 병변에서 CMV를 검출하여 상호 연관성을 평가하였고, 다음 CMV가 감염된 동맥경화증 병변에서 염증 매개물질인 COX-2와 MMP-9의 발현을 면역조직화학염색 방법으로 확인하였다. 우선 동맥경화증 병변이 있는 23건과 대조군 10건에서 CMV 감염 정도를 평가한 결과 in situ hybridization 방법으로는 동맥경화성 대동맥 23건 중 14건 (60.9%), 관상동맥경화증 21건 중 9건 (42.9%)에서 CMV가 검출되었고, polymerase chain reaction 방법으로는 동맥경화성 대동맥 23건 중 15건 (65.2%), 관상동맥경화증 21건 중 11건 (52.4%)에서 CMV가 검출되었다. 대조군인 대동맥과 관상동맥 각 10건 (총 20건) 중에서는 3건만이 검출되었다. 이상과 같이 CMV의 존재가 확인된 동맥경화증 병변을 선정하여 CMV late antigen, COX-2, MMP-9, macrophage, T-lymphocyte에 대한 항체로 면역조직화학염색을 시행한 결과, CMV가 검출되었던 부위가 COX-2와 MMP-9에 대해 양성 반응을 보였다. 이러한 결과로 CMV는 동맥경화증 생성과정에 염증 반응을 일으키면서 병인론적으로 관여하여 동맥경화증을 악화시키는 것을 확인 하였다. CMV probe는 smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, Schwann cells 등의 세포들에서 hybridization 되었으나 특징적인 바이러스 봉입체를 포함한 세포에서는 hybridization이 관찰되지 않았는데, 이것은 동맥벽의 CMV 감염이 잠복감염 임을 시사한다.결론적으로 이상의 실험 결과 CMV가 동맥경화증의 병인론에 직×간접적으로 관여함을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 감염체의 항바이러스제제에 의한 치료가 동맥경화증 예방에 기여할 것으로 생각된다.

[영문]

Chronic infection and inflammation have recently been implicated as important etiologic agents of atherosclerosis. Several agents have been suggested as possible candidates including cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Helicobacter pylori. This study hypothesized that a vascular infection with CMV may induce a chronic inflammatory reaction and activated inflammatory cells may express inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9). At first, the relationship between cytomegalovirus infection and atherosclerosis was evaluated by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) study, and then, to confirm the hypothesis, the immunohistochemical study for the inflammatory mediators of atherosclerotic plaques was performed. This study examined 23 subjects with atherosclerosis and 10 matched control subjects without atherosclerosis. CMV was detected by in situ hybridization in 60.9% (14/23) of aorta and 42.9% (9/21) of coronary arteries in subjects with atherosclerosis. It was also detected by PCR in 65.2% (15/23) of aorta and 52.4%(11/21) of coronary arteries. CMV was detected on areas showing early or advanced atheromatous changes.Subsequently, the immunohistochemical stains for CMV late antigen, COX-2, MMP-9, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte were performed in the cases from which CMV was detected by in situ hybridization and PCR. The immunoreactivity for COX-2 and MMP-9 increased in the atherosclerotic plaques itself, predominantly around CMV detected area. These findings seem to support the hypothesis and CMV may play a pathogenetic role in atherogenesis or progression of atherosclerosis.Cells morphologically identical to smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and Schwann cells were positively reacted with the CMV probe. However, none of the cells to which the probe hybridized contained inclusion bodies, thus strongly suggesting that the arterial wall may be a site of CMV latency.Therefore, these data seem to support the hypothesis that CMV may potentially play a direct or indirect role in the pathogenesis of human atherosclerosis.
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1. College of Medicine (의과대학) > Others (기타) > 3. Dissertation
URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/137873
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