Inhibition of bacterial adhesion by Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) coating on dental composite resin

Abstract

The common oral-biofilm is a kind of plaque that can form on artificial restoratives and implant surfaces as well as natural teeth and cause oral infections disease such as gingivitis, periodontitis and caries. Various strategies to reduce the accumulation of biofilms have been studied or suggested over the years, including general oral biofilm removed methods such as brushing, electric/sonic toothbrush and antimicrobial oral rinse.However, complete removal of biofilm is difficult when biofilm was a three-dimensionally structured with a community of many microbial species. Therefore, an innovative approach of developing has been tried to control biofilm formation, and to prevent caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease dental restorative materials with antimicrobial properties. This approach has been used as a supplement for antibiotics like a chlorhexidine, triclosan, cetylpyridinium chloride, polyethyleneimine or silver. These substances provide antimicrobial properties under in vitro conditions whereas the efficiency of these materials for the prevention of biofilm formation and growth in vivo has not been proven yet.Another innovative method is to coating the antifouling polymer to the biomaterials surface using various polymers. The biomimetic surface based on phosphorylcholine containing phospholiped polymers has shown a resistivity to non-specific protein adsorption which the use of biomimetic materials like a MPC is zwitterionic material.To date there is, no report on of the MPC integrated into methacrylated based resin materials, even though this zwitterionic polymers has been introduced as mouth rinse. Therefore, in the current study, the MPC-coated resin materials were characterized for inhibition of biofilm formation and bacterial adhesion. Inhibition of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation will prove through the surface roughness, water contact angle, live/dead staining of biofilms, optical density of S. mutans after cleaning by ultra sonication. MTT assay and Agar overlay assay.It was concluded that based on tested results in this study as follows;1)The average surface roughness (Ra) decreased when MPC concentration was increased in adhesive resin as a coating material on the composite specimens (p<0.05).2)The contact angle sharply decreased with increasing MPC polymer concentration in adhesive resin (p<0.05).3)Attachment of bacteria on the MPC polymer-coated specimens reduced with increasing MPC polymer concentration at 12h, 36h and 120h culture times.4) For the 1% and 5% of the MPC polymer coated groups, bacterial attachment significantly decreased compared with other tested MPC concentration after ultrasonic cleaning at 36h and 120h culture time (p<0.05).5) MPC polymer-coated specimen has not shown cytotoxicity compared with control group (p> 0.05). The results of agar overlay assay support a MTT assay as same results. Therefore, MPC polymer-coating will be effective to reduce surface roughness, contact angle and the initial bacteria attachment on the composite resin, and will result in inhibiting biofilm formation in oral environments.