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병원종사자의 조직구조 및 조직문화 인식과 조직갈등경험, 조직몰입간의 관계

Other Titles
 The relation of organizational structure and culture perception, conflict experience, commitment of hospital employees in Korea 
Authors
 김영훈 
Issue Date
2001
Description
보건학과/박사
Abstract
[영문]

[한글]

본 연구는 병원의 조직구조와 조직문화, 조직갈등, 조직몰입의 특성과 차이를 분석하고

조직갈등과 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는 요인의 상호관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 연구자료는

6개의 병원에 근무하는 간호직, 사무직, 의료기술직을 대상으로 실시한 1,167부의 설문

응답지이었으며, 분석방법으로는 빈도분석, t-test, 분산분석, 위계적 다중회귀분석 및

구조방정식모형 분석을 사용하였다. 이 연구의 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.

1. 인구사회학적 특성별로 보면, 조직구조 설계에 대한 인식도는 여자보다 남자가, 연령

·학력·직위·근무기간이 많거나 높을수록 긍정적이었고, 조직구조의 형태는 기계적 조

직의 특성을 크게 인식하고 있었다. 조직문화는 연령·학력·직위가 많거나 높을수록 인

적자원문화와 개방체계문화에 대한 인식도가 높았다. 기능적 갈등은 남자보다 여자가, 연

령·직위가 낮을수록 많았고, 계층적 갈등은 여자보다 남자가, 직위가 낮을수록 많았으며

, 조직몰입은 여자보다 남자가, 연령·학력·직위·근무기간이 높거나 많을수록 높았다.

2. 직종별로 구분하여 보면, 조직구조 설계에 대한 인식은 모든 직종이 상호작용, 통제,

업무목표과정에 대해서는 보통 이상의 수준으로 인식하고 있었으나, 동기유발, 의사소통

및 의사결정에 대해서는 보통 이하의 수준으로 인식하고 있었다. 조직구조 형태는 세 직

종 모두 기계적 조직구조의 형태로 인식하고 있었고, 관리폭의 범위와 공식성의 정도는

유기적 조직의 특성으로 인식하고 있었다. 그리고 세 직종 모두 생산중심문화에 대한 인

식도가 타 문화보다 높았고, 인적자원문화에 대한 인식도가 가장 낮았으며, 개방체계문화

와 위계서열문화에 대한 직종별 인식도는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 조직갈등

은 세 직종 모두 계층적 갈등보다는 기능적 갈등이 많았고, 계층적 갈등은 의료기술직이

가장 많았으며, 간호직이 가장 적었다. 조직몰입은 사무직이 가장 높았고, 간호직이 가장

낮았다.

3. 조직갈등에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위하여 1단계로 인구사회학적변수만으로

분석한 결과, 직종(의료기술직)과 근무기간은 조직갈등을 증가시키는 인구사회학적 변수

로서 근무기간이 길수록 조직갈등이 컸으며, 조정결정계수는 0.03이었다. 조직구조 및 조

직문화에 대한 인식도를 2단계 변수로 추가하여 분석한 결과, 조정결정계수가 0.25로 증

가하였으며, 근무기간이 길수록, 위계서열문화와 생산중심문화일수록 조직갈등은 증가하

였고, 조직구조설계를 긍정적으로 인식할수록, 인적자원문화와 개방체계문화일수록 조직

갈등은 감소하였다.

4. 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는 요인을 1단계로 분석한 결과, 연령이 많을수록, 근무기간

이 길수록 조직몰입은 증가하였고, 고졸을 기준으로 한 학력이 높을수록 조직몰입은 감소

하였으며, 조정결정계수는 0.16이었다. 조직구조 및 조직문화에 대한 인식도를 2단계 변

수로 추가하여 분석한 결과, 조직구조설계를 긍정적으로 인식할수록, 인적자원문화와 조

직문화의 특성이 강할수록 조직몰입은 증가하였으며, 조정결정계수가 0.55로 증가하였다.

그리고 3단계로 조직갈등변수를 추가하여 본 결과, 2단계의 결과로 나타난 변수외에 계

층적 갈등이 유의한 변수로 추가되었으며, 계층적 갈등경험이 많을수록 조직몰입이 감소

하였으며, 조정결정계수는 0.56으로 증가하였다.

5. 조직구조와 조직문화, 조직갈등, 조직몰입을 포함한 변수간의 관계를 규명하기 위한

구조방정식모형 분석 결과, 17개의 경로계수 중 4개의 경로계수를 제외한 13개의 경로계

수가 유의하였으며, 모형의 적합도 기준에 일치하였다. 즉, 연령이 많을수록 조직갈등은

감소하고 조직몰입은 증가하였으며, 병원근무기간이 길수록 조직갈등과 조직몰입이 증가

하였다. 그리고 조직구조 설계를 긍정적으로 인식할수록, 인적자원문화와 개방체계문화일

수록 조직갈등은 감소하였고 조직몰입은 증가하였으며, 위계서열문화와 생산중심문화일수

록 조직갈등은 증가하고 조직몰입은 감소하였다. 이 모형의 다중상관치는 조직갈등이 25.

1%였으며, 조직몰입이 52.7%였다.

이상의 연구결과를 근간으로 할 때 병원의 조직갈등과 조직몰입은 인구사회학적인 특성

보다 조직구조 요인이나 조직문화 요인의 영향을 크게 받고 있는 바, 향후 조직갈등을 줄

이고 조직몰입을 증가시키며 병원 조직관리의 효과를 극대화하기 위해서는 조직구성원의

개인적 특성변수와 조직관리의 단일요인에 대한 개선 노력보다는 조직구조와 조직문화,

조직갈등, 조직몰입의 전체적인 관계를 심층 고려하여 조직갈등과 조직몰입에 영향을 미

치는 중요한 변수인 조직구조 요인과 조직문화 요인에 대한 계획적이고 의도적인 변화 방

향을 모색하여야 할 것이다.









The Relation of Organizational Structure and Culture Perception,Conflict

Experience, Commitment of Hospital Employees in Korea



Kim, Young Hoon

Department of Public Health

The Graduate School

Yonsei University



(Directed by Professor Kim, Han Joong M.D., Ph.D.)



The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of hospital

organizational structure, organizational culture, organizational conflict and

organizational commitment, and to examine the interrelation of influential factors

in organizational conflict and organizational commitment. The data for this study

were collected through a self-administered survey with a structured questionnaire

to 1,167 subjects from several nursing staff members, administration staff members

and medical technicians of six hospitals. In this analysis frequency test, t-test,

ANOVA, hierarchical multiple regression and structural equation model were used.

The main findings of this study are as follows.

1. Perceptions on the design of organizational structure were dependent on

respondents' sex, age, academic background, position and the year of service in

respective hospitals. Perceptions on the style of organizational structure were

dependent on the type of occupation and the year of service in respective

hospitals. Perceptions on organizational culture were dependent on

socio-demographic characteristics.

Oganizational conflict was divided into two categories : hierarchical conflict and

functional conflict. Hierarchical conflict was dependent on sex, age and position.

In contrast, functional conflict was dependent on sex as well as the type of

occupation and position. Organizational commitment was dependent on all

socio-demographic variables.

2. Perceptions on the design of organizational structure were analyzed by

occupation. In every occupations the level of perceptions on mutual process,

control and goal-setting were above average, and the level of perceptions on

motivation, communication and decision-making process were below average. All of

the occupations perceived the type of organizational structure as mechanistic

structure, and the range of management and formality as the characteristics of

systematic organization. In relation to culture, perceptions on rational goal

culture were at the highest level and perceptions on human relations culture were

at the lowest level. The level of perceptions on open system culture and internal

process culture were dependent on the type of occupation ; The differences produced

by each type was statistically significant. In relation to organizational conflict,

all of the occupations experienced functional conflict rather than hierarchical

conflict. Medical technicians had the highest number of hierarchical conflict,

while nursing staff members had the lowest number of hierarchical conflict.

Administration staff members showed the highest level of organizational commitment,

while nursing staff members showed the lowest level of organizational commitment.

3. Factors which influence organizational conflict were analyzed. The type of

occupation and the year of service were socio-demographic variables which

influenced organizational conflict positively. Adjusted R square was 0.03.

Perceptions on organizational structure and organizational culture were analyzed

with two- level variables that were added. The findings were as follows.

Adjusted R square increased to 0.25. The year of service, internal process culture

and rational goal culture were positive variables. The design of organizational

structure, human relations culture and open system culture were negative variables.

4. Variables which influence organizational commitment were analyzed. Age and the

year of service were positive variables, while academic background based on high

school education was a negative variable. Adjusted R square was 0.16. Perceptions

on organizational structure and organizational culture were analyzed with two-level

variables that were added. The findings were as follows. The characteristics of

organizational structure, human relations culture and organizational culture were

positive variables. Adjusted R square increased to 0.55. The variables of

organizational conflict were added in 3 steps. Findings were as follows. The

variables of hierarchical conflict showed negative influence and were included in

two-level influential variables. Adjusted R square increased to 0.56.

5. Structural equation model was analyzed in order to examine the relation between

organizational structure and the variables of organizational culture,

organizational conflict and organizational commitment. Thirteen path coefficients

out of seventeen path coefficients were significant. Age had negative influence on

organizational conflict and positive influence on organizational commitment. The

year of service had positive influence on organizational conflict and

organizational commitment. The design of organizational structure, human relations

culture and open system culture had negative influence on organizational conflict.

They had positive influence on organizational commitment. Internal process culture

and rational goal culture had positive influence on organizational conflict.

Organizational conflict had negative influence on organizational commitment. The

squared multiple correlation of this model was 25.1% in organizational conflict and

52.7% in organizational commitment.

The conclusion of this study is as follows. Factors in organizational structure

and organizational culture, rather than socio-demographic factors, had a stronger

influence on the organizational conflict and organizational commitment of

hospitals. In order to decrease organizational conflict, to increase organizational

commitment and to maximize the effectiveness of hospital management, it is

necessary to understand the overall relation between organizational structure,

organizational culture, organizational conflict and organizational commitment, with

the effort of improving personalized factors and individual factors of organization

management.
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URI
https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/handle/22282913/135868
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