Sinus augmentation using BMP-2-loaded porcine bone mineral in rabbits

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of study was to determine the osteogenic potential of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) loaded onto a particulate porcine bone mineral (PBM) biomaterial using a sinus augmentation model.Materials and Methods: Eight rabbits received BMP-2/PBM or PBM alone into contralateral sinus sites. The animals were euthanized following a 2-week healing interval for micro-CT and histometric analysis.Results: Total augmented volume did not significantly differ between treatments. However, local bone formation was significantly enhanced in the BMP-2 group compared with control (10.5% vs. 6.6%, p = 0.03); specifically in the central aspect of the PBM implant (14.2% vs. 5.5%; p < 0.01) and adjoining the Schneiderian membrane (11.9% vs. 5.0%; p < 0.05) while bone formation along the external sinus wall did not differ between BMP-2 and control sites. Also the number of blood vessels was significantly increased in the BMP-2 group compared with control (78.5 vs. 39.6, p < 0.01), while there were no significant overall differences in residual biomaterial and fibrovascular tissue.Conclusion: BMP-2 enhanced local bone formation in the maxillary sinus following implantation using a PBM carrier.