Resolution of surgically created three-wall intrabony defects in implants using three different biomaterials : an in vivo study

Abstract

Objectives: To histomorphometrically analyze bone formation on amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), micro-macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP), and freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) in three-wall defects adjacent to structured surface with CAP nanocoating implants in dogs.Materials and methods: Five male mixed-breed dogs were used in this study. The premolars and molars were extracted on both sides of the mandible. Eight weeks after extraction, 4 implants were submerged on each side of the mandible. Three-wall intrabony defects (5 × 3 × 3 mm) were surgically created adjacent to the implants before installation . No grafts were placed in the control group. At the experimental sites, each intrabony defect was grafted with either ACP, MBCP or FDBA. The dogs were sacrificed after 12 weeks, and histological and histomorphometrical analyses of the implant sites were performed.Results: All of the three experimental groups exhibited defect resolution and osseointegration that showed statistical significant difference compared to the control group in terms of remaining defect depth and BIC. However, there were no statistical significances among the three experimental groups. MBCP had the highest bone-to-implant contact (63.57 ± 21.57 %), followed by ACP and FDBA. The control group showed the least bone area and the greatest remaining defect depth. Conclusion: Grafts with the synthetic biomaterials ACP and MBCP had bone regeneration that was similar to FDBA in surgically created three-wall intrabony defects adjacent to implants. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that ACP and MBCP synthetic biomaterials are as effective as FDBA at osteoconduction.