서울시내 고등학교 남녀 교사의 건강상태와 건강행위 분석

Abstract

[한글]

본 연구는 남녀 교사들의 건강상태와 건강행위를 파악하고, 성별에 따른 건강행위 위험도를 예측하여 교사 대상의 효율적인 건강증진 프로그램 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 시도된 조사 연구이다.

연구대상은 서울시내 9개 고등학교에 근무하고 있는 남교사 250명, 여교사 115명이었으며, 자료수집 기간은 2001년 3월 19일부터 2001년 3월 31일까지 일요일을 제외한 12일간이었다.

연구도구는 인구사회학적 특성 7문항, 건강상태 29문항, 건강행위 36문항 등 총 72문항으로 이루어진 설문지를 사용하였다.

자료분석은 남녀 교사의 건강행위에 영향력 있는 변수의 분석을 위해 χ²-test와 stepwise logistic regression을 실시하였다.

본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.

1. 남녀 교사의 인구사회학적 특성을 비교하면, 남교사가 여교사에 비해 연령(χ²=49.012, p=0.000), 교직경력(χ²=36.076, p=0.000), 결혼상태(χ² =30.845, p=0.000)가 유의하게 높았으며, 종교(χ²=3.246, p=0.045), 경제상태(χ²=7.490, p=0.006)는 여교사

가 남교사에 비해 유의하게 높았다.

2. 남녀 교사의 건강상태를 비교하면, 남교사가 여교사에 비해 비만정도 (χ²=29.566, p=0.000), 고혈압(χ²=6.472, p=0.011)이 유의하게 높았으며, 우울(χ²=21.671, p=0.000)은 여교사가 남교사에 비해 유의하게 높았다.

3. 남녀 교사의 건강행위를 비교하면, 남교사가 여교사에 비해 흡연(χ²=86.383, p=0.000), 음주(χ²=14.137, p=0.000), 과음(χ²=81.948, p=0.000), 규칙적 운동(χ²=23.282, p=0.000), 위암검진(χ²=4.665, p=0.031), 간암검진(χ²=11.136, p=0.001), 아침식사(χ²=4.522, p=0.033), 운전여부(χ²=16.938, p=0.000)가 유의하게 높았으며, 저녁식사 후 또는 잠자기 전 칫솔질(χ²=19.482, p=0.000), 간식(χ²=16.416, p=0.000), 우유섭취(χ²=10.116, p=0.001)는 여교사가 남교사에 비해 유의하게 높았다.

4. 남녀 교사의 건강행위 예측변인을 분석하기 위하여 stepwise logistic regression을 실시한 결과 남교사가 여교사에 비해 흡연(O.R=28.131, p=0.000), 과음(O.R=10.439, p=0.000), 규칙적 운동(O.R=3.462, p=0.000), 아침식사(O.R=2.938, p=0.004), 운전여부(O.R=2.662, p=0.010)가 유의하게 높 았으며, 저녁식사 후 또는 잠자기 전 칫솔질(O.R=0.209, p=0.001), 간식(O.R=0.285, p=0.009)은 여교사가 남교사에 비해 유의하게 높았다.

이상의 결과에서 볼 때 교사들의 건강행위는 성별에 따라 차이가 있어 남녀별로 별도의 건강증진 프로그램이 요구되는 것으로 나타났다. 남녀 교사간의 차이를 근거로 남교사에게는 금연, 절주, 구강보건 프로그램의 필요성이 높게 나타났으며, 여교사에게는 운동,

암검진 증진, 식습관을 강화하는 프로그램이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

[영문]

This descriptive study was for providing basic information that can be useful in developing effective health promoting programs for teachers by finding out the difference in health status and health behavior between the selected male and female teachers.

The subjects for this study were 250 male and 115 female teachers obtained by a convenience sample from nine high schools located in Seoul.

Data were collected for twelve days from March 19 to March 31, 2001.

A questionnaire consisting of 72 questions was used as a research instrument. The questionnaire included 7 questions on socio - demographic characteristics, 29 questions on health status and 36 questions on health behavior.

Analysis of the data was done by use of descriptive statistics, χ²- test and stepwise logistic regression.

The results of this study are as follows :

1. According to the analytical results of socio-demographic characteristics between male and female teachers, age(χ²=49.012, p=0.000), schoo teaching career(χ²=36.076, p=0.000) and marriage rates(χ²=30.845, p=0.000) of male

teachers were higher than those of female teachers. Religion(χ²=3.246, p=0.045) and perceived economic status(χ²=7.490, p=0.006) of female teachers were higher

than those of male teachers. There were significant differences.

2. According to the analytical results of health status between male and female teachers, obesity degree(χ²=29.566, p=0.000), hypertension (χ²=6.472, p=0.011) of male teachers were higher than those of female teachers. Depression(χ²=21.671, p=0.000) of female teachers were higher than that of male teachers. There were significant differences.

3. According to the analytical results of health behavior between male and female teachers, smoking(χ²=86.383, p=0.000), drinking alcohol(χ²=14.137, p=0.000), heavy drinking alcohol(χ²=81.948, p=0.000), regular exercise(χ²=23.282,

p=0.000), gastric cancer examination(χ²=4.665, p=0.031), liver cancer examination(χ²=11.136, p=0.001), having breakfast(χ²=4.522, p=0.033), driving(χ²=16.938, p=0.000) of male teachers were higher than those of female teachers. Brush teeth after dinner(χ²=19.482, p=0.000), having snack(χ²=16.416, p=0.000) and milk intake(χ²=10.116, p=0.001) of female teachers were higher than those of male teachers. There were significant differences.

4. According to the stepwise logistic regression analysis results to determine predictable variables affecting health behavior between male and female teachers, smoking(O.R = 28.131, p= 0.000), heavy drinking alcohol(O.R=10.439, p=0.000),

regular exercise(O.R=3.462, p=0.000), having breakfast(O.R=2.938,p=0.004) and driving(O.R=2.662, p=0.010) of male teachers were higher than those of female

teachers. Brush teeth after dinner (O.R=0.209, p=0.001) and having snack (O.R=0.285, p=0.009) of female teachers were higher than those of male teachers. There were significant differences.

In conclusion, the results showed that the specific health promoting programs should be needed for male and female teachers because of differences in health behavior between male and female teachers. Based on these differences, it was revealed that smoking cessation program, programs of controlling alcohol

consumption and dental hygiene program should be needed for male teachers, and exercise program, programs of improving cancer examination and programs of strengthening eating habit should be needed for female teachers.