회전운동자극이 흰쥐의 위액분비에 미치는 영향

Abstract

[한글]

Influence of Gastric Secretion in Response to Rotatory Stimulus in Rats

Young Il Moon, M.D.

Department of Medical Science The Graduate School, Yonsei University

(Directed by Prof. Gill Ryoung Kim, M.D.)

Motion sickness is a syndrome consisting anorexia, drowsiness, pallor, epigastric

discomfort, cold sweat, nausea, salivation, vomiting, headache, increased

intestinal peristalsis, fatigue, malaise and mental depression. In general, the

emesis among the symptoms is often left as the only simple and objective criterion

in detecting motion sickness in experimental pleasures. For this reason, the

effectiveness of prophylaxis or therapy is generally based upon a decrease in

emesis although vomiting is not a necessary consequence of motion sickness.

Nevertheless, very few studies of gastric secretion in relation to motion

sickness, have been made in recent years. Gastric juice is difficult to collect

during motion sickness, because of vomiting behavior. In early Rosenbach (1896) and

Pincussen (1912) reported gastric inhibition was observed during motion sickness.

However, the findings of Havelburg (1921) and Saito (1930) are cantradictory.

Present study is undertaken to determine response of gastric secretion to

rotatory stimulus in rats and explore some insight of the sickness with drugs used

in motion sickness as well as labyrinthine interferences.

Methods:

1) Experimental materials

Male albino its, weighing approximately 250 grams, were used throughout this

experiment. The animals were maintaind in a controlled environment (20℃) and were

given basal diet for a period of two weeks to acclimatize them to their

environment.

Throughout the experimental period the animals were housed singly in cages with

raised bottoms of wide mesh to avoid coprophagy.

2) Experimcntal group

The animals were starved for twenty-feur and forty-eieht hours depending upon the

etperimental schedule.

The pyloric ligature was placed by the procedure described by Shay et al. (1945).

Under the light ether anesthesia, ligation of the pylorus was done through a

midline incisien of 2-3 cm inferior to the xiphoid process. In the first series of

experimental group, responses of gastric secretion during and after exposure to

rotatory stimuli were observed. In the second series of the experiment, effect of

several agents or maneuvers in the response of gastric secretion in rats expgsed

rotatory stimuli for 5 hrs following 24 hrs starvation were observed.

In obis sub-groups of this experiment, the vagotomy was performed in the

following procedure, e.g., the thoracic wall was incised and the pleural cavity

opened. The vagus nerve, which with the associated vessels runs along the right and

left border of the esophagus, was cut. In these associnated, the occurence of

vagotomy was confirmed by talc observation of dyspnes.

Labyrinthectomy was performed in some of the experimental groups. After the skin

incision was made the auricular attachment the auricle was retracted forward.

Incision was then made into the cartilaginous portion of the external auditory

meatus and the area from the oval window to the vestibule was curetted. Under the

anesthesia, the rats were killed by exanguination from the femoral artery. The

stomach was removed, timmed free of adipose tissue, and then opened by cutting

along the greater curvature.

3) Rotatory procedure

The albino rat was accelerated on the electrically driven turntable to a constant

angular velocity of 80 r.p.m. which was maintained for 60 min. The nature of the

postrotatory motion sickness was observed visually.

4) Caloric test

Caloric test was performed according to the Herniksson'a method (1962) to confirm

whether the function of labyrinth is intact or not at the end of 45 days after

daily injection of streptomycin(1.5mg/kg).

5) Gastric juice analysis

The gastric juice was collected. The specimens were then washed under tap water.

The volumes of solid matter and juice were noted. Free and total acid of the juice

were titrated in the usual manner using Topfer's an? phenolphthalein as the

indicators and N/2O NaOH for titration. Amount of pepsin out put was measured by

Anson's method (1938) that was used to measure the amount(mg) of tyrosine derived

frets hemoglobin.

Summary and Conclusion:

Experimental motion sickness was induced in rata exposing to rotatory stimulus

(80 r.p.m. for 5 hrs) and the influence of the stimuli upon gastric secretion was

investigated with and without drugs using motion sickness or labyrinthine

interferences and obtained following results.

1) Gastric secretion was inhibited in rats exposed to rotatory stimulus, e. g.,

both the volume and acidity were reduced significantly and pepsin content was

reduced but little when comparing to unexposed control animals.

2) Bretylium which is known to interfere selectively the release of catecholamine

from sympathetic ending, was blocked but less extent the inhibitory response of

gastric secretion to rotatory stimulus. Epinephrine alone exerted an inhibition of

gastric secretion in an unexposed control animal.

3) Vagotomy as well as pretreatment of scopolamine or dipbenhydramine, an

anticholinergic agent used in motion sickness, was resulted in an inhibition of

gastric secretion, and abolished the symptoms and gastric response to rotatory

movement, however, the rata exposed to the stimulus were showed a slight increase

of the secretion comparing to the unexposed animals.

4) Pretreatment of chlorpromazine was little effective to block the symptoms and

response of gastric secretion to rotatory movement.

5) The symptoms and response of gastric secretion to rotatory movement were

completely abolished following labyrinthectomy or when labyrinthine function was

destroyed by streptomycin.

These data indicate that exposure to rotatory stimulus bring an inhibition of

gastric secretion via stimulation of beth sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

through directly emetic center which is excited by labyrinthine stimulation in

response of rotatory movement.

[영문]

Motion sickness is a syndrome consisting anorexia, drowsiness, pallor, epigastric discomfort, cold sweat, nausea, salivation, vomiting, headache, increased intestinal peristalsis, fatigue, malaise and mental depression. In general, the emesis among the symptoms is often left as the only simple and objective criterion

in detecting motion sickness in experimental pleasures. For this reason, the effectiveness of prophylaxis or therapy is generally based upon a decrease in emesis although vomiting is not a necessary consequence of motion sickness.

Nevertheless, very few studies of gastric secretion in relation to motion sickness, have been made in recent years. Gastric juice is difficult to collect during motion sickness, because of vomiting behavior. In early Rosenbach (1896) and Pincussen (1912) reported gastric inhibition was observed during motion sickness.

However, the findings of Havelburg (1921) and Saito (1930) are cantradictory.

Present study is undertaken to determine response of gastric secretion to rotatory stimulus in rats and explore some insight of the sickness with drugs used in motion sickness as well as labyrinthine interferences.

Methods:

1) Experimental materials

Male albino its, weighing approximately 250 grams, were used throughout this experiment. The animals were maintaind in a controlled environment (20℃) and were given basal diet for a period of two weeks to acclimatize them to their environment.

Throughout the experimental period the animals were housed singly in cages with raised bottoms of wide mesh to avoid coprophagy.

2) Experimcntal group

The animals were starved for twenty-feur and forty-eieht hours depending upon the etperimental schedule.

The pyloric ligature was placed by the procedure described by Shay et al. (1945).

Under the light ether anesthesia, ligation of the pylorus was done through a midline incisien of 2-3 cm inferior to the xiphoid process. In the first series of experimental group, responses of gastric secretion during and after exposure to rotatory stimuli were observed. In the second series of the experiment, effect of

several agents or maneuvers in the response of gastric secretion in rats expgsed rotatory stimuli for 5 hrs following 24 hrs starvation were observed.

In obis sub-groups of this experiment, the vagotomy was performed in the following procedure, e.g., the thoracic wall was incised and the pleural cavity opened. The vagus nerve, which with the associated vessels runs along the right and left border of the esophagus, was cut. In these associnated, the occurence of

vagotomy was confirmed by talc observation of dyspnes.

Labyrinthectomy was performed in some of the experimental groups. After the skin incision was made the auricular attachment the auricle was retracted forward.

Incision was then made into the cartilaginous portion of the external auditory meatus and the area from the oval window to the vestibule was curetted. Under the anesthesia, the rats were killed by exanguination from the femoral artery. The stomach was removed, timmed free of adipose tissue, and then opened by cutting along the greater curvature.

3) Rotatory procedure

The albino rat was accelerated on the electrically driven turntable to a constant angular velocity of 80 r.p.m. which was maintained for 60 min. The nature of the postrotatory motion sickness was observed visually.

4) Caloric test

Caloric test was performed according to the Herniksson'a method (1962) to confirm whether the function of labyrinth is intact or not at the end of 45 days after daily injection of streptomycin(1.5mg/kg).

5) Gastric juice analysis

The gastric juice was collected. The specimens were then washed under tap water.

The volumes of solid matter and juice were noted. Free and total acid of the juice were titrated in the usual manner using Topfer's an? phenolphthalein as the indicators and N/2O NaOH for titration. Amount of pepsin out put was measured by Anson's method (1938) that was used to measure the amount(mg) of tyrosine derived frets hemoglobin.

Summary and Conclusion:

Experimental motion sickness was induced in rata exposing to rotatory stimulus (80 r.p.m. for 5 hrs) and the influence of the stimuli upon gastric secretion was investigated with and without drugs using motion sickness or labyrinthine interferences and obtained following results.

1) Gastric secretion was inhibited in rats exposed to rotatory stimulus, e. g., both the volume and acidity were reduced significantly and pepsin content was reduced but little when comparing to unexposed control animals.

2) Bretylium which is known to interfere selectively the release of catecholamine from sympathetic ending, was blocked but less extent the inhibitory response of gastric secretion to rotatory stimulus. Epinephrine alone exerted an inhibition of

gastric secretion in an unexposed control animal.

3) Vagotomy as well as pretreatment of scopolamine or dipbenhydramine, an anticholinergic agent used in motion sickness, was resulted in an inhibition of gastric secretion, and abolished the symptoms and gastric response to rotatory

movement, however, the rata exposed to the stimulus were showed a slight increase of the secretion comparing to the unexposed animals.

4) Pretreatment of chlorpromazine was little effective to block the symptoms and response of gastric secretion to rotatory movement.

5) The symptoms and response of gastric secretion to rotatory movement were completely abolished following labyrinthectomy or when labyrinthine function was destroyed by streptomycin.

These data indicate that exposure to rotatory stimulus bring an inhibition of gastric secretion via stimulation of beth sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves through directly emetic center which is excited by labyrinthine stimulation in response of rotatory movement.