환자의 입원으로 인한 스트레스에 관한 일 기초연구

Abstract

[한글]

본 연구는 환자의 입원으로 인한 스트레스 요인의 순위를 결정하고 각 요인에 대한가중치 (Weight)를 구하는 기술적 조사연구 이다.

연구 대상자로는 서울시내 종합병원에 입원하고 있는 내외과 환자를 모집단으로 하여 그 중에서 무작위 표출된 5개의 400침상이상의 종합병원에 입원하고 있는 내외과 환자 중 표본선정 기준에 맞는 대상자 172명을 연구 대상자로 하였다.

연구도구는 연구자가 문헌을 기초로 하여 작성한 66개 항목의 입원스트레스척도와 Spielberger외의 상태불안척도를 사용하였다.

Q- Sorting으로 연구자와 면접자에 의해 1985년 10월 25일부터11월 3일까지 총 10일간 자료수집을 하였다. 대상자의 일반적 특성은 실수와 백분율을 구하였고, 각 스트레스 요인에 대한 가중치는 각요인에 대해 대상자들이 준 순위의 평균점수로 산출하였다. 대상자

의 일반적 특성의 변화에도 스트레스 요인의 순위가 일치하는가를 보기 위하여 순위상관계수 (Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficients)를 구하였다. 입원스트레스척도의 동시타당도를 검정하기 위하여 임의선정된 대상자의 입원으로 인한 스트레스정도와 상태불안정도를 측정한 후 그 상관관계를 보기 위하여 Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients를 산출하였다.

본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.

1. 입원으로 인한 스트레스 요인 66개중에서 가장 스트레스 순위가 높은 것은 가중치가 가장 큰 '암에 걸렸을지도 모른다는 생각 ' (55.70)이었고, 가장 스트레스 순위가 낮은 것은 가중치가 가장 작은 '환자복을 입고 있는 것 ' (14.09)이었다.

2. 10개의 스트레스 영역 중에서는 질병의 위협으로 인한 스트레스 영역(49.74)이 평균 가중치가 가장 높았고, 사람들로부터의 소외로 인한 스트레스 영역(20.50)이 평균 가중치가 가장 낮았다.

3. 연구 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 입원으로 인한 스트레스요인의 순위에 대한 일치정도를 순위상관계수를 사용하여서 본 결과 rs = .81 ∼ .89 (P<.01 )의 높은 일치도를 보여 본 입원스트레스척도는 성· 연령 등 대상자의 일반적 특성에 상관없이 광범위하게 적용할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

4. 본 입원스트레스척도에 의한 대상자들의 스트레스 정도와 Spielberger외의 상태불안척도에 의한 불안 정도와의 상관관계는r= .69 (P< .01)였다.

결론적으로 본 연구의 결과인 가중치는 환자의 입원으로 인한 스트레스를 측정하는 도구개발의 기초가 되며 그대로 살려 환자에게 적용하므로써 환자의 입원으로 인한 스트레스 점수를 구할 수가 있다.

A STUDY ON PATIENT'S STRESS RELATED TO HOSPITALIZATION.

Hong Yong Hae

Department of nursing The Graduate School Yonsei University

(Directed by professor Oh, Kasil, Ph. D.)

This study has attempted to identify the rank and weight of stressful events

related to the hospitalization of patients .The subjects of this study were 172

patients hospitalized on medical and surgical floors in five general hospitals with

a capacity of over 400 beds each.

The instruments used for this study were the HOSPITAL STRESS SCALE(HSS) and the

STATE AHXIETY SCALE (SAS). The HSS consisted of 66 stressful events related to

hospitalization which divided into 10 categories. The HSS was designed to rank the

order of the 66 hospital -related stressful events by the investigator. The SAS,

developed by Spielberger et al. 1970), was used with a group of 37 patients which

formed a purposive sample in order to obtain concurrent validity.

Data collection was carried out by the investigator and three interviewers by

interview using the Q - Sorting method over a period of 10 days from October 25th

to November 3rd,1985.

Data was analyzed by computer. Frequency and percentage were used to examine the

general characteristics of the subjects. The weight of the stressful events was

decided by the mean rank selected by the study subjects. The Spearman Rank

Correlation Coefficients test was used to determine the stability of the obtained

weight according to the demographic characteristics of the subjects. The Pearson

Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the degree of the

concurrent validity.

The findings of this study are as follows :

1. Among the 66 stressful events, the most stressful event was 'Think you might

have cancer' with a weight of 55.70, and the least stressful event was 'Having to

wear a hospital gown' with a weight of 14.79.

2. 'The threat of being diagnosed as having a severe illness' was found to be the

highest among 10 stress categories, while the lowest category was 'separated from

friends'.

3. The Rank Order Correlation Coefficients ranged from .81 to .89 (p < .01) thus

indicating the ranks of the stressful events did not vary according to the

demographic characteristics of the subjects.

4. In order to obtain concurrent validity, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation

Coefficient test showed that stress was correlated with state anxiety (r = .69, p <

.01).

In conclusion, the weight of the stressful events in this study served as basic

data in developing a tool for measuring patient's stress related to hospitalization

and could possibly be used actually measure Hospitalized patient's stress level.

[영문]

This study has attempted to identify the rank and weight of stressful events related to the hospitalization of patients .The subjects of this study were 172 patients hospitalized on medical and surgical floors in five general hospitals with a capacity of over 400 beds each.

The instruments used for this study were the HOSPITAL STRESS SCALE(HSS) and the STATE AHXIETY SCALE (SAS). The HSS consisted of 66 stressful events related to hospitalization which divided into 10 categories. The HSS was designed to rank the order of the 66 hospital -related stressful events by the investigator. The SAS, developed by Spielberger et al. 1970), was used with a group of 37 patients which formed a purposive sample in order to obtain concurrent validity.

Data collection was carried out by the investigator and three interviewers by interview using the Q - Sorting method over a period of 10 days from October 25th to November 3rd,1985.

Data was analyzed by computer. Frequency and percentage were used to examine the general characteristics of the subjects. The weight of the stressful events was decided by the mean rank selected by the study subjects. The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficients test was used to determine the stability of the obtained weight according to the demographic characteristics of the subjects. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to determine the degree of the concurrent validity.

The findings of this study are as follows :

1. Among the 66 stressful events, the most stressful event was 'Think you might have cancer' with a weight of 55.70, and the least stressful event was 'Having to wear a hospital gown' with a weight of 14.79.

2. 'The threat of being diagnosed as having a severe illness' was found to be the highest among 10 stress categories, while the lowest category was 'separated from friends'.

3. The Rank Order Correlation Coefficients ranged from .81 to .89 (p < .01) thus indicating the ranks of the stressful events did not vary according to the demographic characteristics of the subjects.

4. In order to obtain concurrent validity, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient test showed that stress was correlated with state anxiety (r = .69, p < .01).

In conclusion, the weight of the stressful events in this study served as basic data in developing a tool for measuring patient's stress related to hospitalization and could possibly be used actually measure Hospitalized patient's stress level.