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Abstract

PART - I.

THE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN C ON THE CHANGES OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS PRODUCED BY

HYPERVITAMINOSIS D

The continued administration of excessive amounts of Vitamin D leads to a serious disorder of calcium metabolism known as hypervitaminosis D. The condition is by means uncommon. Kagawa, Stock, Haymann, Guerrant, Ido, Mulligan and other workers have done extensive work on experimental hypervitaminosis D.

Strange as it may sound, though studies on various organs in hyperviataminosis D were carried out, the endocrine glands in hypervitaminosis have not been so. On the other hand, Lee has shown that arteriosclerosis produced by excessive administration of vitamin D was significantly reduced or improved by administration of Vitamin C parenterally during or following vitamin D administration.

A voluminous literature has accumulate concerning the effects of vitamin C on every function of the body. Ascorbic acid is involved in carbohydrate metabolism, as evidenced by the fact that scorbutic animals exhibit hyperglycemia, reduced glucose tolerance, low hepatic glycogen content, and are resistant to insulin. And also it is a well Known fact that ascorbic acid occurs in high concentration in both the cortex and medulla of the adrenals.

These facts led to the approach of the problem from a new angle.

Rabbits were divided in groups as follows:

Control group: Five normal rabbits on a normal laboratory diet consisting of hay, vegetables and residium of bean curd.

Group 1; This group consisted of 5 rabbits who were fed on a normal laboratory diet plus the addition daily of 15,000 units of vitamin D (ovoral, Fujisawa Pharm. Co.) for each rabbit for 60 days.

Group 2; this group was placed on the same regimen as Group 1 and in addition received daily 25mgm. of vitamin C (vitacimin, Takeda Pharm. Co.) intravenously.

Group 3; This group was placed on the same regimen as Group 1 for 60 days and thereafter put on a normal laboratory diet as a control group for another 60 days.

Group 4; This group was placed on the same regimen as Group 1 for 60 days and thereafter put on a normal diet and in addition received daily 25mgm. of vitamin C intravenously for 60 days.

Group 5; This group was placed on the same diet as Group 1 for 60 days following aseptic castration. (Castration was done 20 days before the vitamin D feeding)

Group 6; This group was placed on the same regimen as Group 2 following aseptic castration.

At the end of the experiment the rabbits were sacrificed by injecting air into the auricular veins and then subjected to study.

1) The endocrine glands of the rabbits that received excessive amounts of vitamin D had shown moderate to high degree degeneration with exhaustion appearence. The changes were most marked in anterior pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal

cortex. these changes of the endocrine glands of rabbits that received vitamin C in addition injected intravenously were definitely lessened.

2) More withdrawal of vitamin D lessens the changes of the endocrine glands due to continued administration of excessive amount of vitamin D. This improvement was accelerated by additional administration of vitamin C.

3) The endocrine glands of castrated rabbits that received excessive amount of vitamin D showed a moderate degree of degeneration but less prominent than in the case on non-castrated rabbits.

PART-Ⅱ

THE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN B^^1 ON THE CHANGES OF THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS PRODUCED IN

RABBITS BY LANDLIN FEEDING.

Experimental production of arteriosolerosis in rabbits has been accomplished by several workers. Anitschkow and Chalatow, Baily and others, have used various sorts of diets high in fats or fat-like substances to produce these changes.

Certain facts led to approach of the problem from a new angle. The relationshop between endoorine glands and fat metabolism suggested that the endoorine might be concerned in these changes directly or indirectly.

Ludden and Bruger found that testosterone propionate or estradial benzoate inhibit the arteriosclerotic changes in the female. The importance of the adrenal cortex and thyroid in cholesterol metabolism is well recognized.

So for as is known, the only therapeutie value of thiamine is in the treatment or prophylaxis of thiamine deficiency. But we know that many endoorine glande ar also related to carbohydrae metabolism and thismine subserves an important funcion in the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrate.

The rabbits were divided in groups as follows:

Control group; Five normal rabbits on a normal laboratory diet consistingg of hay, vegetables and residium of bean ourd.

Group 1; This group consisted of 5 rabbits who were fed on a normal laboratory diet plus the daily addition of 10 grams of anhydrous lanolin for each rabbit for 60 days.

Group 2; This group was placed on the same high fat diet as Group 1 and in addition received daily 10 mgm of thiamine hydrochloride (Squibb & sons, E.R.) injected intravenously.

Group 3: This group was placed on the same high fat diet as Group 1 for 60 days and thereafter put on a normal laboratory diet as a control group for another 60 days.

Group 4; This group was placed on the same high fat diet as Group 1 for 60 days and thereafter put on a mormal diet and in addition received daily 10mgm of thiamine hydrochloride for 60 days.

Group 5; This group was placed on the same diet as Group 1 for 60 days following aseptio castration. (castration was done 20 days before the lanolin feeding)

Group 6; This group was placed on the same diet as Group 2 following aseptic castration.

On the sixtieth day one hundred and twentieth day the rabbits were saorificed by injecting air into the auricular veins. Immediate postmortem was performed and subjected to study.

1) The endocrine glands of the rabbits who were fed on a high fat diet showed a moderate degree of degeneration with lipiodosis and "exhaustion" appearance in general, especially in the anterior pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal cortex. Those changes were less prominent in the rabbits who received vitamin B^^1 injected intravenously in addition.

2) The endocrine glands of the rabbits that had the high fat diet discontinued after a definite period showed definite improvement. More withdrowal of the high fat diet lessened considerably the changes in endoorine glands due to the high fat

diet.

Improvement was accelerated by addititional administration for vitamin B^^1.

3) The endocrine glands of the castrated rabbits that were fed on a high fat diet showed a moderate degree of degeneration with lipiodosis in general but less prominent than with non-castrated rabbits. (Author's abstract)