Lithium 및 수종 수면제가 가토혈중 주정농도에 미치는 영향에 관한 실험적 연구

Abstract

[한글]

[영문]

Lithium has been lately used in the manic-depressive pshychosis and other

psychotic excitements. Barbiturates have long been widely used as the hypnotics.

Non-barbiturate hypnotics such as nitrasepam and glutethimide has also been used in

increasing frequency.

It has been lately reported that lithium elavated significantly blood alcohol

level in rabbits and that lithium prolonged significantly drug-induced sleep time.

In view of these findings, the author conducted an animal experiment to investigate

the effects of some barbiturate and non-barbiturate hypnotics, or in combination

with lithium, on blood alcohol level in rabbits.

Material and Method

1. The experimental work was done with mature rabbits of both sexes, weighing

from 2.0kg to 3.0kg.

2. The experimental animals were devided into two groups; control and

experimental group.

3. Control group has two subgroups: alcohol alone group and alcohol+ lithium

group. And experimental group was devided as follows; alcohol+ berbiturates group,

alcohol+ non-barbiturates group, alcohol+ lithium+ barbiturates group, alcohol+

lithium+ non-barbituretes group. (In this study, thiopental sodium, pentotal sodium

and amobarbital sodium are barbiturates used, and nitrazepam and glutethimide are

non-barbiturates used.)

4. To the experimental animals, hypnotics were administered into marginal ear

vein by intravenous injection, or into gluteal muscle by intramuscular injection,

or orally in capsules.

5. In alcohol+ barbiturates group:

One among thiopental, pentotal and amobarbital sodium was given intravenously

20mg/kg of body weight, intravenously or intramuscularly at 10 minutes before and

just before alcohol administration.

In alcohol+ non-barbiturates group:

It was given orally either 1mg of nitrazepam/kg or 50mg of glutethimide/kg of

body weight at 30 minutes before alcohol administration.

6. Lithium chloride solution, 6.36%, was given in a dose of 3.9mEq/kg of body

weight deily for 4 days by intravenous route. The last dose was given 1 hour before

alcohol administration.

7. In all groups, 20 vol.% ethanol solution was given intravenously in a dose of

5.0ml/kg of body weight in 5 minutes.

8. Blood specimens were obtained by cardiac puncture at 10 and 30 minutes after

alcohol administration.

9. Blood alcohol level was determined by Cavett's method.

Results

1. Alcohol+ barbiturates group:

a) In alcohol+ thiopental sodium subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup

were all significantly higher than those in a alcohol alone group(p 0.05 or less).

b) In alcohol+ pentotal sodium subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup

were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group except those in

both 30 minutes after alcohol administration by intravenous route just before or at

10 minutes before alcohol administration (P 0.05 or less).

c) In alcohol+ amobarbital sodium subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in this subgroup

were all significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group (P 0.05 or less).

2. alcohol+ non-barbiturates group:

In neither nitrazepam nor glutethimide subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in these

subgroups showed statistically no significant change, comparing with these in

alcohol alone group (P 0.05).

3. alcohol+ lithium group: Blood alcohol levels in this group were all

significantly higher than those in alcohol alone group (P 0.05 or less).

4. alcohol+ lithium barbiturates combined group:

a) In thiopental sodium with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in

this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in lithium alone group, and

showed also statistically significant change comparing with those in thiopental

sodium alone subgroup (P 0.05 or less).

b) In pentotal sodium with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in

this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in lithium alone group

except the group in which pentotal sodium was given 30 minutes before alcohol

administration intramuscularly, and showed also statistically significant change

comparing with those in alcohol+ pentotal sodium subgroup except the subgroup in

which pentotal was given either intravenously at 10 minutes before alcohol

administration, or pentotal sodium was given by intramuscularly just before alcohol

administration (Both 30 minutes value: P 0.05 or less).

c) In amobarbital sodium with lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in

this subgroup were all significantly higher than those in lithium alone group

except the group amobarbital sodium was given by intravenous route 30 minutes

before alcohol administration (10 minutes value), and showed also statistically

significant change comparing with those in amobarbital sodium alone group except

that the group amobarbital sodium was given by intravenous route at 30 minutes

before alcohol administration (30 minutes value: P 0.05 or less).

5. alcohol+ lithium+ non-barbiturates group:

In neither nitrazepam with lithium combined subgroup nor glutethimids with

lithium combined subgroup; Blood alcohol levels in these subgroup showed no

statistically significant change, comparing with those in lithium alone group (P

0.05), but the alcohol levels were all significantly higher than those in

nitrazepam or glutethimide alone subgroup respectively except 10 minutes value of

glutethimide alone subgroup (P 0.05 or less).

Conclusions

1. The intravenous injection of lithium chloride in a dose of 3.0mEq/kg/day for 4

days elavated significantly blood alcohol level in rabbits at 10 and 30 minutes

after alcohol administration.

2. Thiopental sodium, pentotal sodium and amobarbital sodium in barbiturate

hypnotics elavated significantly in general on blood alcohol level in rabbits at 10

and 30 minutes after alcohol administration.

3. Nitrazepam or glutethimide (non-barbiturate hypnotics) did not elevate

statistically significant on blood alcohol level in rabbits at 10 and 30 minutes

after alcohol administration.

4. Thiopental sodium, pentotal sodium and amobarbital sodium (barbiturate

hypnotics) when given to lithium treated rabbits elevated significantly in general

on blood alcohol level respectively at 10 and 30 minutes after alcohol

administration, comparing with lithium alone group, or thiopental sodium, pentotal

sodium and amobarbital sodium subgroups. It seems that there exists synergic or

potentiating effect in these cases.

5. Nitrazepam or glutethimide with lithium did not elevate blood alcohol level at

10 and 30 minutes after alcohol administration comparing with that lithium alone

group, but generally showed significant elevation of blood alcohol level when

comparing with that nitrazepam or gluthethimide alone subgroup. It is suggestive of

the fact that lithium alone effect the blood alcohol level in these cases.