child-care facilities ; health risk assessment ; VOCs ; aldehydes
Abstract
This study assessed the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of aldehydes and volatile organic compounds
exposure of young children at child-care facilities and indoor playgrounds in Korea. The samples were collected
at various children’s facilities (40 day-care houses, 42 child-care centers, 44 kindergartens, and 42 indoor playgrounds)
in summer (Jul~Sep, 2007), winter (Jan~Feb, 2008) and Spring (Mar~Apr, 2008) periods, and analyzed
by GC-MS. We estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs) of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzene,
chloroform, CCI4 and tetrachloroethylene, and the hazard quotients (HQs) of Non-carcinogens (toluene, xylene,
benzaldehyde and formaldehyde). Formaldehyde evaluated both cancer and non-cancer risk. The average ECRs
of formaldehyde for young children were 1×10-4~1×10-5 level in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens
did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities