Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus*/immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology* ; Influenza, Human/diagnosis* ; Influenza, Human/immunology ; Influenza, Human/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics* ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Time Factors ; Young Adult
Keywords
Influenza A virus ; H1N1 subtype ; Rapid antigen test ; Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ; Diagnosis
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A new rapid antigen test (RAT), based on hemagglutinin, was developed for the improvement of influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 detection.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the new RAT for the diagnosis of influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009.
STUDY DESIGN: The new RAT included 2009 H1N1 hemagglutinin-based band and influenza A and influenza B nucleoprotein-based bands. During the period from November 24, 2009 to December 14, 2009, 948 patients underwent the new RAT and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) at the same time. The result of the new RAT was compared with that of rRT-PCR, and the results of hemagglutinin-based and nucleoprotein-based antigen tests were compared.
RESULT: Among the 260 patients confirmed by rRT-PCR, 153 (58.8%) were positive in the nucleoprotein-based antigen test, and 182 (70.0%) were positive in the hemagglutinin-based antigen test. These results show that the new hemagglutinin-based antigen test was more sensitive than the nucleoprotein-based antigen test for the detection of influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (p<0.001, the McNemar test).
CONCLUSION: The new hemagglutinin-based antigen test improved the sensitivity of diagnosis for influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 and it might be helpful for the diagnosis of influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009